These people of art glorified the Donbass. "My Donetsk region, my life ... My heart"

Lesson #3

Subject: Our famous countrymen.

Purpose: -Introduce children to famous fellow countrymen. Teach children to take an example from such people;

Instill patriotic feelings, strengthen feelings of pride and dignity

To instill a sense of pride in our Motherland and its outstanding sons.

Type of lesson: learning new material.

During the classes

Organizing time
Invented by someone, simply and wisely,
When meeting, say hello: "Good morning!"
- Good morning sun and birds!
- Good morning smiling faces!
And everyone becomes kind, trusting,
And good morning lasts until evening.

Teacher: I wish you all that a good and sunny mood will accompany you throughout the lesson.

Learning new material.

They write about Donbass in geography,

That Donbass is the land of coal and metal.

Right. But for a complete biography

It is very dry, very little.

It seems there is a song about Donbass,

Spoil heaps and copra are sung.

It's true, there are. I agree.

These are just outward signs.

Well, where are the people? They are not visible...

That's why I'm sad and sorry...

Donbass are famous people who glorified our region beyond its borders.

Be a patriot of the country
The glorious path is lined with legend!
Don't forget history
Glorious, big victories.
And for yourself be able to understand -
From whom to take an example for life.

Teacher. In our region, in the Donetsk region, many people were born, who later became famous all over the world. They have made a huge contribution to the development of many industries. For high achievements in various fields, they were awarded high awards. Let's name some of them.

Method "microphone" Tell us about your countryman.

Sergey Shemuk

In August 1935, in one shift at the mine, Alexei Stakhanov managed to extract 102 tons of coal, at a rate of 7 tons. After 75 years in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk region, his record was broken with almost a double advantage. The author of the record is the famous miner of the Novodzerzhinsk mine Sergey Shemuk, who mined 170 tons of coal in one shift. In one working day, he exceeded the plan for the entire site, which usually employs about 20 people, and at the same time exceeded the production plan by 2023%. Sergey Shemuk is the youngest honored miner of Ukraine, as well as the Hero of Ukraine, full cavalier of the signs "Miner's Glory" and "Miner's Valor".

The strongest man

Dmitry Khaladzhi

Donetsk hero Dmitry Khaladzhi is one of the strongest people on the planet and the only person in Ukraine who can set five records in one hour. Khaladzhi can lift five pounds with one hand, performs a “cross” with weights on his little fingers and presses two weights in one hand. Khalaji's signature number is to tie a few 20-centimeter nails in a knot in a minute. One of the famous feats of Dmitry is overcoming the record of the ancient Greek athlete Bibon, who lifted a projectile weighing almost 144 kg with one hand. The projectile has survived to this day, but perhaps only Dmitry can lift it. Khalaji made his own projectile weighing 152 kg and lifted it with one hand, and twice - the second time for those who did not have time to photograph.

bird man

Sergei Bubka

One of the most famous athletes in the world, Sergei Bubka, was born in Voroshilovgrad (now it is Lugansk), but he made his sports career in Donetsk and thus graced the constellation of the sports constellation of Donetsk. The harmonious development of strength, speed and technique turned Sergey into a champion who set record after record throughout his sports career. Sergei set 35 world records, and his achievements in high jump (6 m 14 cm in the open stadium and 6 m 15 cm in the hall).

Solovyanenko Anatoly Borisovich (09/25/1932) - singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1975), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1980). Since 1965 He worked at the Ukrainian Opera and Ballet Theatre.

Kobzon Iosif Davidovich (09/11/1937) was born in the city of Chasov Yar, Donetsk region, People's Artist of the USSR (1987), People's Artist of Ukraine (1991).

The list of our famous countrymen is endless. I hope that your names will someday glorify our Donetsk region. There are many, many more names of people who brought fame to the Donetsk region, glorified it for centuries. This is what you already know:

Georgy Beregovoy - USSR pilot-cosmonaut

Solovyanenko Anatoly - singer, People's Artist of the USSR

Ponomarev Ruslan - World Chess Champion

Kobzon Iosif - singer, People's Artist of the USSR

Prokofiev Sergei - composer

Bykov Leonid - actor, director

Pisarev Vadym - People's Artist of Ukraine

Martynov Evgeny - composer, singer

Sosyura Vladimir - poet

Stus Vasily - poet, dissident

Tikhiy Oleksa - human rights activist, dissident, public figure

Filaret - Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate

It is necessary to name those who brought glory not only to Donbass; metallurgist Makar Mazai; tractor driver Pasha Angelina and many others.

Summary of the lesson. Teacher: Yes, Donbass is our homeland. We love her, we are proud of her. Maybe the poetic word is more capable of singing and glorifying the Donbass. The poetry of Volodymyr Sosyura, our compatriot born here, reflects the feelings of each of us, and we say with a moving heart: “Donetsk region, you are the land of my ancestors, and my land. I feel your warmth, your concern. I am your child, I am combined with you.”

Teacher: Prominent people are all around us. These are the workers of our city

Yes! Our land is truly rich in talents. Each of you carries a grain of talent from your native Donbass land. You have a bright future ahead of you. And how it will be depends only on you. Dare! Be brave and persevere, conquer the peaks and create glorious stories for our region. You guys are the heirs of our city: its history, its culture, all those riches that were created by the hands of older generations. You will multiply its traditions, work in its fields, compose poems and songs about it.

People should not forget their history, their roots. Memory should be kept in everyone's heart.

If you are brought to the edges of your buvati,
I cry for happiness, I cry, I laugh ...
To gain strength for the song of the neck,
I am slumped to the ground of Donetsk with my heart.
V. Sosyura

Beautiful people live and work in Donetsk, great workers and incorrigible dreamers with their joys and problems. There is a special feature in Donetsk characters that cannot be overlooked. This is durability, like first-class steel, which neither bends nor cracks. Only on Donetsk land could they temper their character and reveal the full power of their talent, the world-famous "golden voice" of Ukraine Anatoly Solovyanenko, the "bird-man" Serhiy Bubka and the holder of the title "Dancer of the World" Vadim Pisarev. Donetsk region has become a homeland for many outstanding figures of culture, sports, and medicine. Among them: the great composer Sergei Prokofiev, artist Arkhip Kuindzhi, polar explorer Georgy Sedov, founder of Russian cinema Alexander Khanzhonkov, poets Vasily Stus and Vladimir Sosyura, writers P. Baydebur and I. Kostyr, oncologist Grigory Bondar and many other equally outstanding people. Famous residents of Donetsk glorified and continue to glorify not only our city, but the whole of Ukraine!

John Hughes (1814-1889)

John Hughes is the most famous person in the city, its founder. Of course, outside of Ukraine, few have heard of the industrialist, engineer, metallurgist, and also the very first and main resident of Donetsk, John Yuze. But in the Donbass, this person is known to everyone since school. After all, the main development, our region received thanks to him, when in 1869, heading the joint-stock "Novorossiysk Society", he and his sons came to the Donetsk steppes. John Hughes founded a metallurgical plant and a working settlement on the banks of the Kalmius River, later named Yuzovka. Years later, the village turned into a beautiful city of Donetsk, which became one of the largest industrial centers in Russia and Ukraine.
In Donetsk, the ruins of Yuz's house have been preserved and a monument to the famous founding father has been erected.

Arkhip Kuindzhi (1842-1910)

A.I. Kuindzhi is a brilliant landscape painter. Born in the town of Karasu near Mariupol, he lost his parents early and lived in great poverty. From an early age he was fond of painting, drawing on any suitable material - on walls, fences and scraps of paper. Being a mature artist, he especially liked to paint landscapes of Ukrainian nature. Kuindzhi's paintings became real sensations - "Birch Grove" (1879), the legendary "Moonlight Night on the Dnieper" (1880), "Dnepr in the Morning" (1881). These paintings played a huge role in the development of landscape painting, and not only landscape painting. For Russian painting, the appearance of its own Monet was necessary - such an artist who would understand the relationships of colors so clearly, would so accurately delve into their shades, would so ardently and passionately wish to convey them that other Russian artists would believe him, would cease to relate to palette as to some kind of appendage. Kuindzhi showed people again what they had forgotten since the time of the ancient Russian masters - Kuindzhi showed people color and paint.
Loud fame and oblivion, wide popularity and misunderstanding fell to Arkhip Kuindzhi, but he always remained a modest and very kind person. His students were subsequently outstanding artists, Ilya Repin and Nicholas Roerich.

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914)

Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov was born into the family of an Azov fisherman from Krivoy Kosa (now the village of Sedovo in the Novoazovsky district). The family had nine children. My father went to work and disappeared for years. From the age of seven, Yerka had to fish, go to day labor in the field. Until the age of fourteen, he was illiterate, and then, when his father returned, he finished a three-year parochial school in two years and ... ran away from home. At twenty-one, Sedov received a diploma as a sea navigator, at twenty-four he passed the exam externally and was promoted to lieutenant in the Admiralty, sent to the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean. From that moment began his work as a Russian hydrographer and polar explorer. Georgy Sedov participated in expeditions to study the island of Vaygach, the mouth of the Kara River, Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea, the Caspian Sea, the mouth of the Kolyma River and sea approaches to it, Krestovaya Bay. In 1912 he organized an expedition to the North Pole on the ship "Saint Foka". Wintered on Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. Tried to reach the Pole by dog ​​sled. He died near Rudolf Island.
Two bays and a peak on Novaya Zemlya, a glacier and a cape on Franz Josef Land, an island in the Barents Sea, a cape in Antarctica, and the icebreaker Georgy Sedov are named after Sedov. In 1940, the Krivaya Kosa farm became the village of Sedovo. Here in 1990 a museum of a brave polar explorer belonging to the history of Ukraine and Russia was opened.

Alexander Khanzhonkov (1877 - 1945)

Our compatriot Alexander Khanzhonkov was not just a successful filmmaker - he was a pioneer, one of the founders of Russian cinema. Khanzhonkov successfully accumulated the best innovative ideas in cinematography, invited newsmakers to appear, was the first to create a permanent troupe of actors and directors, built a film factory, a cinema, produced film publications and postcards, and created a distribution network throughout the country. By 1914, he controlled a third of the film distribution in Russia, and the films released by his company numbered in the hundreds. Silent film stars Vera Kholodnaya, Ivan Mozzhukhin, Andrey Gromov and Pyotr Chardynin debuted in Khanzhonkov's films. Khanzhonkov was the first among Russian entrepreneurs to start producing popular science, documentary and animated films. After the revolution, he worked as a consultant for Goskino, head of production at Proletkino. After Alexander Khanzhonkov's death, he was undeservedly forgotten. Only the film "Slave of Love" could remind the initiates of the first Russian movie mogul - "the slave of cinema."
On August 8, 2008, a monument to Khanzhonkov by Zurab Tsereteli was unveiled in Makeevka, his small homeland. Days of Khanzhonkov are regularly held in the Donetsk region, where you can meet the stars of not only Ukrainian, but also Russian cinema.

Sergei Prokofiev (1891 - 1953)

Sergei Prokofiev is a world famous musician who became famous as a composer and performer of his own works. Sergei Prokofiev comes from the village of Sontsovka, Bakhmut district, Yekaterinoslav province, which is now referred to as the village of Krasnoye, Krasnoarmeisky district, Donetsk region. Sergei Prokofiev wrote his first opera at the age of 9, gave his first concert at the age of 17, and at 27 he toured Europe, America and Japan.
His most striking musical works are familiar to many - this is the opera "War and Peace", the ballets "Romeo and Juliet", "Cinderella". In honor of our great countryman, the recently reconstructed Donetsk airport was named, and it is also planned to install a monument to Sergei Prokofiev in the city in the near future.

Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971)

Nikita Khrushchev is one of the few politicians whose name was heard all over the world. The fate of Khrushchev was connected with the Donbass for 20 years - Nikita Sergeevich began his career in Donetsk. The political figure of Khrushchev is rather controversial. His most famous achievements are the debunking of the cult of Stalin and the rehabilitation of political prisoners in the USSR, the abolition of branch ministries, the support of the space program and the flight into space of Yuri Gagarin, the erection of the Berlin Wall, the anti-religious campaign and the resolution of abortion. The most famous expressions of Nikita Khrushchev are “Politicians are all the same: they promise to build a bridge even where there are no rivers”, “We will show you Kuzkin’s mother!”, “When a person eats, he becomes kinder” and many others.

In Donetsk, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the DonNTU building with an inscription that N.S. Khrushchev.

Georgy Beregovoy (1921-1995)

Georgy Timofeevich Coastal pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He received his first Star in the fiery year of 1944, and the second - for a feat in space exploration. He spoke very modestly about himself: “I am a pilot. Profession man. It was as a pilot, as a private in my profession, that I had the opportunity to fight in the Patriotic War, to test new aircraft in the post-war years, to participate in space exploration. The title of one of Georgy Timofeevich's autobiographical books "Three Heights" is very symbolic. Attack pilot, test pilot, cosmonaut - three goals that our countryman set for himself at different times, three heights that he mastered. Becoming a lieutenant general of aviation, Beregovoy transferred his experience and knowledge to young space argonauts for a long time, working as the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center.
Georgy Beregovoy never forgot about the land that gave him a ticket to heaven. He always returned with great joy to his beloved Donetsk region, supported his countrymen. So, at his request, the case of VF Yanukovych was reviewed, who later became his assistant and confidant.

To the universal shores from the hearth of the native,
Donbass sent him - Coastal.

Leonid Bykov (1928-1979)

We all remember Petya Mokin from "The Tamer of the Tigers", unrequitedly in love with his childhood friend Lenochka Vorontsova and Maxim Perepelitsa - an unlucky, but kind and cheerful guy, and, of course, a submariner Alyosha Akishin from the film "Volunteers". In each picture, Leonid Bykov created a unique image, but the Maestro from the film “Only Old Men Go to Battle” will remain in our memory forever.
Director, screenwriter and actor - all this is Leonid Bykov, the favorite of millions of viewers. Few people know that Leonid Fedorovich Bykov is a native of the village of Znamenskoye, Donetsk region. Leonid Fedorovich is not only an Honored Artist of the RSFSR, but also a People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR. His roles and extraordinary directorial work left a bright mark in the history of Russian cinema.

Anatoly Solovyanenko (1932-1999)

Opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Lenin Prize, hero of Ukraine, and most importantly, an amazingly talented and handsome person who became famous for his lyrical and dramatic tenor.
Born on September 25, 1932 in Donetsk, in a hereditary mining family. In 1954, Anatoly Solovyanenko graduated from the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute, and in 1978, already being a People's Artist of the USSR, from the Kyiv Conservatory. The singer's repertoire included many concert programs composed of works by Russian, Ukrainian and foreign authors. But the love of his life was a Ukrainian song. When Solovyanenko sang "Nothing like a misyachna", the listeners forgot everything in the world, there were no indifferent people in the hall ...

In Donetsk, the Opera and Ballet Theater was named after him and a monument was erected near the theater.

Vitaly Starukhin (1949-2000)

Vitaliy Starukhin is a favorite of football fans, a legend of Ukrainian football, one of the best forwards of Shakhtar Donetsk. Vitaly is a man with an unusual biography. He started playing football relatively late, but, having got on a large field, he made a rapid career. Vitaliy played for the Stroitel club in Poltava, from where he was literally stolen by FC Shakhtar, and although the USSR Football Federation banned Starukhin from playing for the Donetsk club, he continued to play under different names.
Starukhin's legendary achievement is 26 goals scored during the USSR Championship. The Ukrainian striker was recognized as the player of the year. At the age of 35, Starukhin was forced to end his career as a football player - at Shakhtar, his services were abandoned in favor of younger athletes. Then Starukhin continued to work as a coach, inspector and participated in veteran matches, where he scored goals no worse than when he was at the zenith of glory.
In 2010, the society of waste heap experts named one of the waste heaps of Donetsk near the Shakhtar stadium after Vitaliy Starukhin, and Vitaly Starukhin's Star was installed on the Shakhter Alley of Glory near the Donbass Arena.

Grigory Bondar (born in 1932).

Grigory Vasilyevich Bondar is one of the most talented practitioners and theorists of surgery and oncology in the world. Bondar published more than 700 scientific papers, created more than 70 inventions in the field of medicine. He owns the research of universal methods of surgical interventions in oncology. Today, Grigory Vasilyevich is in charge of the Department of Oncology organized by him, performs more than 500 operations annually, is the General Director of the Donetsk Regional Antitumor Center, constantly conducts diagnostics, and is active in scientific and social activities. Among his awards are the title of Hero of Ukraine, Orders of Merit of the 1st and 2nd degrees, the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, the title of Honored Scientist of Ukraine, the Honorary Badge of the President of Ukraine and the Diploma of the European Parliament from Brussels. Truly, a person's life can be extremely useful and productive if natural talent, purposefulness and exceptional hard work are present in it.

Iosif Kobzon (born 1937)

The bewitching voice of this native of the Donetsk region has been familiar to many since childhood. Iosif Davydovich Kobzon is not just a person, but a whole milestone in the history of Soviet and Russian pop music. A well-known performer, showman, deputy of the Russian State Duma, member of the board of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia, member of the presidium of the public organization "League of Nation's Health" considers Donetsk land to be his homeland. .
Iosif Kobzon is a stage record holder. He held a record number of concerts per day - 12, performed at the longest concert in time - 12 hours and 40 minutes, recorded about 3,000 songs, visited more than 100 countries on tour, was the first to negotiate with terrorists in Nord-Ost, became an honorary citizen of 29 cities of the CIS, and also entered the Russian Book of Records as the most titled artist.
In Donetsk, a lifetime monument was erected to Joseph Davydovich on the square near the Palace of Youth "Youth"

Sergei Bubka (born 1963)

This name is inscribed in gold letters in the history of athletics. After all, it was Sergey Bubka - the "bird-man" - who set the world record in pole vaulting. He was the first athlete to jump over 6 meters and also the only athlete to hold both indoor and outdoor world records. Sergey Bubka received the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, became the Olympic champion, European champion, two-time USSR champion, six-time world champion, and also the winner of the World and European Cups in pole vaulting. In total, Sergey set 35 world records! Sergei Bubka was born in Luhansk, but serious training began for him in Donetsk, where at that time there were the best gyms and coaches.
Today in Donetsk there is the “Sergei Bubka Club”, which annually holds international competitions “Pole Stars”, and near the regional sports complex “Olympic” there is a monument to the famous pole vaulter.

Brother is a light swift,
his sister is a dove.
Flight and Height ... Victory,
in a word, - Bubka!

Vadim Pisarev (born 1965)

The native Donetsk resident Vadim Yakovlevich Pisarev is known not only in Ukraine, but also far beyond its borders. Vadim Yakovlevich is a People's Artist of Ukraine and one of the brightest Ukrainian dancers, winner of many awards, including "The Best Dancer of the World" -1995, "Person of the Year in Ukraine" -1996, an honorary citizen of Donetsk, New Orleans and Baltimore. Since 1983, Vadim Yakovlevich has been a soloist in the Donetsk Ballet Company and actively participated in the most spectacular international festivals.
Today Vadim Pisarev is the artistic director of the Donetsk National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, the organizer of the international festival "Stars of the World Ballet", which takes place annually in Donetsk and has been attended by more than 300 outstanding ballet dancers from 25 countries. Finally, Vadim Yakovlevich is one of the most respected contemporary choreographers.

How the body suddenly becomes the soul,
my friends, I saw at the ballet:
spinning in a crazy pirouette,
the artist flew over the stage and fate.

Lilia Podkopayeva (born in 1978)

Answering media questions, who do you consider the pride of your city, 33% of the polled Donetsk residents named sportsman Serhiy Bubka, 25% - businessman Rinat Akhmetov, Olympic champion Liliya Podkopayeva and the President of Ukraine received 13% of the votes.
Thanks to her talent and exceptional diligence, L. Podkopayeva became the owner of 45 gold, 21 silver and 14 bronze medals only at international competitions, not counting national championships. 1995 - the absolute world champion (Japan, Sabae), winner of the European Cup. 1996 - the absolute champion of Europe (Great Britain, Birmingham). 1996 - the absolute champion of the Olympic Games (USA, Atlanta).
The author's element of Lilia Podkopayeva - "Double forward somersault with a turn of 180 degrees" has not been repeated by anyone in the world so far.

Viktor Yanukovych (born 1950)

Speaking about the most famous residents of Donetsk, one cannot fail to mention the First Person of the State. Viktor Yanukovych is a well-known figure not only in Ukraine, but also in the world political arena. And this is another reason for Donetsk to be proud of the achievements of its fellow countrymen. Despite the fact that the first after school educational institution was an ordinary mining technical school, and the first profession was a worker of a metallurgical plant, Viktor Yanukovych managed to grow up to the position of general director of an industrial enterprise, and graduate from two higher educational institutions, and receive a degree already being a high-ranking official . In 2002, Yanukovych was appointed to the post of Prime Minister of Ukraine, and in 2010, in the second round of voting, he won the majority of votes in the presidential election. Yanukovych's main foreign policy achievements as president include Russian-Ukrainian rapprochement, the direction of integration into the European Union, and the final rejection of Ukraine's entry into NATO.

N.Izotov A.Stakhanov P.Angelina

Izotov Nikita Alekseevich(January 27 (February 9), 1902 - January 14, 1951) - a miner, the initiator of the Izotov movement for the mass training of young workers by cadre workers, one of the founders of the Stakhanov movement.

Nikita Alekseevich Izotov was born on January 27 (February 9), 1902 in the family of a peasant in the Oryol province. Since 1914, he worked as an auxiliary worker at a briquette factory in Gorlovka, then as a stoker at Korsun Mine No. 1, the future Kochegarka mine, and a participant in the restoration of the mine after the civil war.

Working as a slaughterer at mine No. 1 "Kochegarka" (Gorlovka), he achieved high labor productivity, invariably fulfilling 3-4 norms. In 1932, the miner of mine No. 1 "Kochegarka" (Gorlovka) Nikita Alekseevich Izotov achieved an unprecedented output, fulfilling the coal production plan in January by 562%, in May by 558%, and in June by 2000% (607 tons in 6 hours). Izotov's method, which is simple in its essence, is based on a thorough study of the coal seam, the ability to quickly fasten mine workings, a clear organization of work, and keeping the tool in order.

Stakhanov Aleksey Grigoryevich - an innovator of the coal industry, the founder of the Stakhanov movement, a Hero of Socialist Labor.

Stakhanov Alexey Grigorievich was born on December 21, 1905 in the village of Lugovaya, Orel Region. His career began at the age of 12. Grandfather and father went south to work. When Alexey turned 21, he came to the Donbass, with whom he connected his fate as a miner. He worked as a horse-dresser, and then as a slaughterer at the Tsentralnoe-Irmino mine in the Lugansk region (Kadievka).

From 1933 Stakhanov Alexey Grigorievich worked as a jackhammer.

In 1935 Stakhanov Alexey Grigorievich He graduated from the courses of miners at the mine. On the night of August 30-31, 1935, for a shift (5 hours 45 minutes), he mined 102 tons of coal at a rate of 7 tons, exceeding the norm by 14 times and setting a record. According to the official version, the reason for the unprecedented achievement Stakhanov consisted in the skillful possession of a jackhammer, which in itself was a miracle of modern technology in those years.

Angelina Praskovya Nikitichna (Pasha Angelina) is one of the founders of socialist competition in agriculture, the organizer and foreman of the first women's tractor brigade. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor. Author of a book about collective farm activists "People of collective farm fields"

was born Angelina Praskovya Nikitichna December 30, 1912 (January 12, 1913) in the village (now an urban-type settlement) Starobeshevo, Stalin, now Donetsk region.

Angelina Praskovya Nikitichna one of the first women tractor drivers. Her name is included in the list of the most prominent people of all countries.

In 1929 Angelina Praskovya Nikitichna She graduated from the courses of tractor drivers and began working as a tractor driver at the Staro-Beshevskaya Machine and Tractor Station (MTS).

In 1933, she organized a women's tractor brigade in this MTS and headed it.

In 1933-34, the women's tractor brigade took first place in the MTS, fulfilling the plan by 129 percent. Thereafter Pasha Angelina becomes the central figure in the campaign for the technical education of women.

Makar Mazai Petr Krivonos

Makar Nikitovich Mazai(1910, the village of Olginskaya, Krasnodar Territory - 1941, Mariupol) - a steelmaker of the Mariupol Ilyich Iron and Steel Works, an innovative worker, initiator of competition for high volumes of steel production. In 1930, he entered the Mariupol Metallurgical Plant as a laborer. In 1935 he was a steelmaker of the open-hearth shop. In 1936, he was one of the pioneers of the high-speed steelmaking movement. The country was developing, and more and more steel was required. Makar Mazai proposed a risky solution: to deepen the open-hearth furnace bath and at the same time raise the height of the open-hearth arch. After that, much more charge could be poured into the furnace than before. In October 1936, Makar Mazai sets one after another records for the removal of steel from a square meter of the furnace hearth with a maximum result of 15 tons in 6 hours and 30 minutes. After that, his experience and methods of work spread throughout the country.

During the Great Patriotic War, Makar Mazai did not have time to evacuate and remained in the occupied Mariupol. He was captured and shot after prolonged torture for refusing to cooperate with the Germans.

Pyotr Fyodorovich Krivonos Born June 29 (July 12), 1910 in the city of Feodosia in the family of a railway worker. In 1913 the family moved to the city of Slavyansk. After graduating from a seven-year school, he worked as a mechanic in a locomotive depot. In 1926-1929. studied at the FZU school in the city of Slavyansk. In 1929, after graduating from the FZU, he began working in the locomotive depot of Slavyansk of the Donetsk railway. In 1935, being a locomotive driver, he was the first in transport when driving freight trains to increase the boost of the steam locomotive boiler, due to which the technical speed was doubled, to 46-47 km / h. The name of Peter Krivonos is associated with the opening of the Children's Railway in Kyiv, in Syretsky Park. On August 2, 1953, on the Day of the Railwayman, children took a ride in blue and dark red trailers, and the first train was led by the legendary Pyotr Krivonos. It was also on his initiative that the steam locomotive IS was placed on a pedestal near the central station of the city, which is currently the only completely preserved representative of the series.

Questions and tasks:

1. Why is the world's first monument to a working man dedicated to the miner N. Izotov?
2. Why is the achievement of the miner Alexei Stakhanov called the "eternal record"?
3. How did the appearance of the tractor affect the fate of Pasha Angelina?
4. Why is the steelmaker Makar Mazai called the “igniting light”?
5. How did the engineer Pyotr Krivonos “fly” along the rails instead of the sky?

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The legendary Merciless The author of the famous lines “No one forced the Donbass and no one was given to put it on his knees” Pavel Ivanov (Merciless - a pseudonym that later became a surname - he very harshly stigmatized bourgeois in poems) was born in the Smolensk province. Then the family moved to our region. He published the collections “Stone Book”, “Mountain Flame”, “Cranes Are Flying Over the Mine”, “Miner's Poems”, “Donetsk Spaces” ... He helped aspiring writers a lot - both with advice and deed. In May, it will be 45 years since the death of this bright man, whose name is given to the streets in Gorlovka and Donetsk.

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The song Plyatskovsky Yenakiyevets Mikhail Plyatskovsky at one time worked in the local factory circulation magazine "For Metal". He described the beauties of his native land, romanticized the work of the steel plant. And even then, according to the former chairman of the Donetsk regional organization of the National Union of Writers of Ukraine Stanislav Zhukovsky, who was friends with the author of the future hits “Lada”, “The roof of your house”, “Mother's eyes”, “Through two winters”, he tried to sing his poems. Then he left to conquer Moscow. And conquered the entire Union.

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The fabulous Kostyria Ivan Sergeevich was born in the Dnepropetrovsk region, and began to write in Kyiv, while studying at the medical institute. But he created his main works on Donetsk soil. For eight years he worked in Gorlovka as a doctor - first as a pediatrician, then as a child psychiatrist. Finally, he plunged headlong into creativity. He gave us "The Tale of the Solar Brothers", "How the Beasts Gained Wit". And, of course, - "Thoughts about Donbass", where legends, miners' tales were intricately intertwined, there were real facts. It was Kostyria who initiated the letter to scientists, which resulted in the assignment of the name Donbass to the minor planet No. 19916, discovered in 1976.

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Medical Grossman Few people know, but the creator of the great novel Life and Fate, who was born in the Zhytomyr region, also came into contact with the mining region. From 1929 to 1932 Vasily Semyonovich lived in Donetsk. He worked as an assistant chemist at the Regional Institute of Pathology and Occupational Health, and was also an assistant at the Department of General Chemistry at the Medical Institute. Two years after leaving for Moscow, Grossman published a story from the life of miners and factory intelligentsia - Glukauf. It was published in the Literary Donbass newspaper with the support of Maxim Gorky.

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Historical Le Classic of the Ukrainian historical novel (“Nalivaiko”, “Bogdan Khmelnitsky”) Ivan Le (in fact, his surname Moisya - from his native village of Moisentsy, in the Cherkasy region) arrived in Artyomovsk in 1929 already a venerable writer. He was 35 at that time, collections of stories were published, it is written "Roman of Intermountain". But even in our region, where Le edited the Zaboy magazine for two years, he found room for creativity. About the Donbass, his “Rhythms of a Miner”, “Integral” (in this story he gives, as it were, his own version of the end of “Moloch”, transferring the action, and with it some of the Kuprin heroes, to the years of the first five-year plan), “Two days in Novokramatorsk”. ..

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Fair Shutov Poet and prose writer, defender of Leningrad from invaders, and our heroes from oblivion, honorary citizen of Donetsk. All this is Viktor Shutov. He left us a rich legacy: collections of poems, novels, books for children, stories, essays about Donetsk. And, of course, songs about our region - “Lyrical Miner”, “City of Blue Spoils”, “Beloved Donbass”, “Saur-Mogila”. Thanks to his perseverance, fighting character, thirst for justice, the books “Death Faced”, “Ordinary Undergrounds” and others appeared, revealing the truth about the activities of the Donetsk underground during the years of occupation. A street in the regional center is named after Shutov, as well as a literary prize.

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The cordial Rybalko Front-line soldier, who received three orders of the Red Star and lost his sight after being wounded in February 1945 at the Oder bridgehead, glorified Kramatorsk, of which he became an honorary resident. Starting in the 1950s, he published 25 collections of poetry, becoming in 1968 the laureate of the Republican Komsomol Prize. Nikolai Ostrovsky (for "The Road to the Heights"), and in 1985 - the winner of the State Prize of Ukraine named after. Shevchenko (for the book "Unset Star"). The title of one of the collections - "Through the Eyes of the Heart" - explains why the poetry of Nikolai Alexandrovich was so popular (letters came to him from all over the USSR). Alexander Bilash's song to Rybalko's verses "I lived in such times" became a laureate of the All-Union television competition "Song-75".

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Unbending Stus The famous dissident, who posthumously became the Hero of Ukraine, spent his school and student years in our region. For some time he taught in Gorlovka, in 1963 he worked for seven months in our newspaper as a literary editor. In the mining region, Vasily Semyonovich began to write. So much so that the well-known modern writer Oksana Zabuzhko, reading his poem “Bald Mountain” during her visit to Donetsk, called it “a lyrical map of the Donbass, set by Stus, where the howls of Donetsk winds are heard in the phonetics itself.” It was the Donetsk region, according to Oksana Stefanovna, that shaped his personality. Recently in the regional scientific library. Krupskaya opened the literary museum of Vasily Stus, the main part of which migrated from Gorlovka.

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Exciting Sosiura Born in Debaltsevo, he started out as an agronomist. He took a sip of mining labor, the civil war (and fought first on the side of the UNR, then for the Red Army), during the Great Patriotic War he was a war correspondent, in 1951 he became the object of harassment after an article in the Pravda newspaper, which accused him of " bourgeois nationalism" for the famous poem "Love Ukraine". The authorities either favored the poet (the revolutionary-romantic poem “Chervona Winter”, written in 1922, brought fame), then lowered him to the very top ... Exciting, like his life, Sosyura, who created a huge amount of intimate love lyrics, became a laureate of the Stalin awards, was awarded two Orders of Lenin.

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Artyomovsky Gorbatov Co-author of the scripts for the TV films “It was in the Donbass”, “Unconquered” and “Donetsk miners”, one of the founders of the association of proletarian writers of Donbass “Slaughter”, the father of the famous novel “Donbass” - originally from the Luhansk region. He spent most of his life in Moscow, where he was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. But in our region, namely in Artyomovsk (then - Bakhmut) - he spent a lot of time. Here Boris Leontyevich graduated from school, found his vocation, began to publish. At the age of 14, he was already a work correspondent for the provincial Kochegarka. For some time he worked as a metal planer at the Kramatorsk plant, and then he plunged headlong into journalism. Gorbatov created his first stories and novel (“Nashgorod”) on Donetsk soil.

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Filmed Rozdobudko This Donetsk woman is now in the top 10 most published Ukrainian writers. Winner of three national competitions "Coronation of the word", winner of the international literary prize named after. Prince Yuri Dolgorukov. Based on the works of our countrywoman, full-length films and TV series "Button", "Autumn Flowers", "Mysterious Island", "Trap" were shot. As she admitted to Donbass, her childhood memories related to life in the Kalininsky district of Donetsk were reflected in the novels Yakby (If ...), The Sixth Door.

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Fantastic Berezin We also have creators of parallel realities and other worlds. Fedor Berezin from Donetsk, who served as a rocket officer in Kazakhstan, and then in the Far East, retired with the rank of captain and returned to his native city. He was an entrepreneur, a marketer. I took up writing 15 years ago. Yes, not jokingly - in 2001, he founded the Wanderer science fiction club in the capital of the region, and also took first place at the Star Bridge International Science Fiction Festival in the Best Debut nomination (for the Ashes novel). Berezin defines his genre as a "fantastic-philosophical technothriller". His books are printed by Moscow publishing houses.

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Talents are countless! Among those who glorified our land were the author of the trilogy "The Tale of a Severe Friend", "The Fate of Ilyusha Barabanov" and "Red Sabers", as well as many stories, short stories and essays dedicated to our land ("Fires of Donbass", "Miner's Tales ”, “Battle on the Kalmius River”) Leonid Zharikov; after the liberation of Donbass, Pavel Baydebur, who raised the local writers' organization; the magnificent lyricist Natalya Khatkina (since 2010, a literary competition has been held in Donetsk in memory of her); laureates of the USSR State Prize Sergey Borzenkov and Vladimir Popov; laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine - Leonid Talalay and Ivan Dzyuba. The poetic work of Anatoliy Kravchenko was commended by the All-Ukrainian Prize. Ushakov and international them. Vinnichenko. The latter was also received by the poet Vladimir Kalinichenko and the prose writer, long-term "helmsman" of the literary magazine "Donbass" Viktor Logachev. The head of the region's writers' organization, the author of humorous prose Pavel Kushch, is the only one of our fellow countrymen who has been awarded the prize. Ostap Cherry. Donchanin Oleg Zavyazkin with the collection “Malyava. Poems about death and love "in 2007 won the international competition" Russian Prize ".

Ukrainian literature has come a long way of development in order to reach the level that exists at the moment. Ukrainian writers have contributed throughout time from the 18th century in the works of Prokopovich and Hrushevsky to the contemporary works of authors such as Shklyar and Andrukhovych. Literature has developed and enriched over the years. And it must be said that modern Ukrainian writers are very different from the authors who laid the foundation for Ukrainian literature. But one thing remained unchanged - the love of the native language.

19th century literature

In this century, Ukrainian literature acquired figures who glorified the country throughout the world with their works. With their works, Ukrainian writers of the 19th century showed the beauty of the language. It is this era that is considered the beginning of the formation of national thinking. The famous "Kobzar" became an open statement that the people are striving for independence. Ukrainian writers and poets of that time made a huge contribution both to the development of the language itself and dramaturgy. There are many different genres and trends in literature. These were novels, and stories, and short stories, and feuilletons. Most of the writers and poets took the direction of political activity. Schoolchildren study most of the authors in the school curriculum, reading works and trying to understand the main idea of ​​each work. Analyzing each work separately, they take out the information that the author wanted to convey to them.

Taras Shevchenko

He is rightfully considered the founder of national literature and a symbol of the country's patriotic forces. Years of life - 1814-1861. The main work is considered to be "Kobzar", which glorified both the author and the people all over the world. Shevchenko wrote his works in Ukrainian, although there are several poems in Russian. The best creative years in Shevchenko's life were the 40s, when, in addition to Kobzar, the following works were published:

• "Gaidamaki".
• "Hire".
• "Khustochka".
• "Caucasus".
• "Poplars".
• "Katerina" and many others.

Shevchenko's works were criticized, but the Ukrainians liked the works and won their hearts forever. While in Russia he was received rather coldly, when he returned to his homeland, he always met with a warm welcome. Shevchenko later became a member of the Cyril and Methodius Society, to which other great Ukrainian writers belonged. It was the members of this society who were arrested for their political views and exiled.

The life of the poet was full of events, both joyful and mournful. But all his life he did not stop creating. Even when he did military service as a recruit, he continued to work, and his work was imbued with love for the motherland.

Ivan Franko

Ivan Yakovlevich Franko is another bright representative of the literary activity of that time. Years of life - 1856-1916. Writer, poet, scientist, he almost received the Nobel Prize, but an early death prevented him from doing so. The extraordinary personality of the writer causes many different statements, since it was he who was the founder of the Ukrainian radical party. Like many well-known Ukrainian writers, in his works he revealed various problems that worried him at that time. So, in his works "Gritseva school science" and "Pencil" he shows the problems of school education.

It is worth noting that Franko was a member of the Russophile society, which existed at that time in Transcarpathia. During his membership, he wrote his works "Folk Song" and "Petria and Dovbuschuk". Frank's famous work is also his Ukrainian translation of Faust. For his activities in society, Ivan was arrested for nine months, which he spent in prison.

After his release from prison, the writer temporarily dropped out of the literary society, so he was ignored. But this did not break the poet. During the time that Franco spent in prison, and later, when he was released, he wrote many works that reveal human shortcomings and, conversely, show the breadth of the human soul. His work "Zakhar Berkut" received an award at the national competition.

Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko

The years of the writer's life - 1778-1843. The main stage of his work falls precisely on the 19th century, it was during this period that he created most of his masterpieces. Being a very sickly boy, while blind until the age of six, Grigory began his creative path only in his student years. He studied in Kharkov and it was there that he began to write and send his works to a magazine for publication. He wrote poetry and short stories. This was the beginning of his work. The real works that deserved attention were the stories written in the 30s in Ukrainian:

• "Marusya".
• "Konotop witch".
• "Soldier portrait".
• "Heart Oksana" and others.

Like other Ukrainian writers, Gregory also wrote in Russian, which is confirmed by the novel "Pan Kholyavsky". The author's works are distinguished by a beautiful literary style, simple expressions that are easily perceived by the reader. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko showed excellent knowledge of all aspects of the life of both a peasant and a nobleman, which can be observed in his novels. According to the story of Gregory, the play “Trouble in a County Town” was released, which was the predecessor of the famous “Inspector General”.

20th century literature

The Ukrainians distinguished themselves with their works due to the fact that many of them devoted their works to the Second World War. Ukrainian literature experienced a difficult period of development at that time. Partially banned, then studied at will, it has undergone many corrections and changes. But all this time, Ukrainian writers did not stop creating. Their works continued to appear and delight not only the Ukrainian reader, but also other connoisseurs of literary masterpieces.

Pavel Zagrebelny

Pavel Arkhipovich Zagrebelny is a writer of that time who made a huge contribution to literature. Years of his life - 1924-2009. Pavel's childhood passed in a village in the Poltava region. Then he studied at the artillery school and went to the front. After the war, he entered the university in the city of Dnepropetrovsk, and only there he began his career, publishing the collection "Kakhov's Stories" in the Rodina magazine. Among the works of the author there are such famous ones as:

• "Steppe flowers".
• "Europe, 45".
• Southern Comfort.
• "Wonder".
• "I am Bogdan."
• "Pervomost" and many others.

Anna Yablonskaya

Anna Grigoryevna Yablonskaya is another literary figure that I want to talk about. The years of the life of the writer - 1981-2011. Since childhood, the girl was fond of literature and dramaturgy. Firstly, her father was a journalist, wrote feuilletons, and it was largely because of him that she developed a passion for literature. Secondly, since school, Anna began to write poems and read them with pleasure from the stage. Over time, her works began to be published in Odessa magazines. In the same school years, Yablonskaya performed at the theater of Natalia Knyazeva in Odessa, who subsequently staged a play based on Yablonskaya's novel The Door. One of the most famous works of the author, which Ukrainian writers talk about, was the play "Video Camera". In her works, Anna skillfully showed the pros and cons of society, combining different facets of family life, love and sex. At the same time, there was no hint of vulgarity, and not a single work shocked the viewer.

Anna died very early as a result of a terrorist attack at Domodedovo Airport. She did not manage to do much, but what she managed to do left an indelible mark on the literature of that time.

Alexander Kopylenko

Alexander Ivanovich Kopylenko was born in the Kharkov region. Born 08/01/1900, died 12/1/1958. I have always striven for knowledge and learning. Before the revolution, he studied at the seminary, then traveled a lot, which gave him a lot of experience and impressions for further literary activity. Was in Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, Georgia. During the war of 1941-1945. He worked on the radio, where he conducted programs for partisan detachments. After that he became the editor of the Vsesvit magazine and worked closely with many directors, screenwriters and writers. His poems first saw the light in 1922. But most of all he wrote prose:

• Kara Krucha.
• "Rampant hop".
• people".
• "Solid Material" etc.

He also has children's works, such as:

• "Very well".
• "tenth graders".
• "In the woods".

In his works, the writer wrote about many problems of that time, revealed various human weaknesses, covered historical events and battles during the civil war. Kopylenko's works have been translated into many foreign languages ​​of the world.

Modern Ukrainian writers

Modern Ukrainian literature does not lag behind in terms of the number of prominent people. Nowadays, there are many authors whose works are worthy of being studied in schools and translated into different languages ​​of the world. We present you a list of far from all modern authors, but only the most popular ones. Their popularity was taken in accordance with the rating. To compile the rating, Ukrainians were interviewed, who were asked several questions about contemporary authors and their works. Here is the list:

1. L. Kostenko.
2. V. Shklyar.
3. M. Matios.
4. O. Zabuzhko.
5. I. Karpa.
6. L. Luzina.
7. L. Deresh.
8. M. and S. Dyachenko.

Lina Kostenko

He is in first place in the ranking of modern Ukrainian writers. She was born on March 19, 1930 in a family of teachers. Soon she herself went to study at the Pedagogical Institute, and then at the Moscow Literary Institute. Her first poems, written in the 50s, immediately attracted the attention of readers, and the book Travels of the Heart put the poetess on a par with outstanding literary figures. Among the works of the author such works as:

• "Over the banks of the eternal river."
• "Marusya Churai".
• "Uniqueness".
• "Garden of non-melting sculptures".

All works by Lina Kostenko are distinguished by their individual literary style and special rhyme. The reader immediately fell in love with her work and is looking forward to new works.

Vasily Shklyar

While still a student, Vasily created the first work - "Snow". Living at that time in Armenia, he wrote about the culture of this people, about their way of life and customs. In addition to the fact that Shklyar created himself, like many Ukrainian writers, he translated a lot of works from the Armenian language, which earned him special respect. Readers are well aware of his works "Elemental", "Key". His works have also been translated into different languages ​​of the world, and book lovers from different countries enjoy reading his prose.

Maria Matios

Maria published her first poems when she was fifteen years old. Later, Matios tried her hand at prose and wrote the short story “Yuryana and Dovgopol”. The writer is loved for her works rich in meaning. Her books of poetry include:

• "Women's Fence in the Garden of Impatience".
• "From grass and leaves."
• "Garden of impatience".

Maria Matios also created a number of prose works:

• "Life is short"
• "Nation"
• "Sweet Darusya"
• "Diary of the executed and many others".

Thanks to Maria, the world got acquainted with another talented Ukrainian poetess and writer, whose books are read with great pleasure abroad.

Children's Ukrainian writers

Separately, it is worth talking about those writers and poets who create works for children. It is their books that children read with such pleasure in libraries. It is thanks to their works that children from a very early age have the opportunity to hear beautiful Ukrainian speech. Rhymes and stories for toddlers and older children are what authors such as:

• A. I. Avramenko.
• I. F. Budz.
• M. N. Voronoi.
• N. A. Guzeeva.
• I. V. Zhilenko.
• I. A. Ischuk.
• I. S. Kostyria.
• V. A. Levin.
• T. V. Martynova.
• P. Punch.
• M. Podgoryanka.
• A. F. Turchinskaya and many others.

Ukrainian writers, the list of which is presented here, are familiar not only to our children. Ukrainian literature as a whole is very multifaceted and vibrant. Its leaders are known not only in the country itself, but also far beyond its borders. The works and quotes of Ukrainian writers are published in many editions of the world. Their works are translated into dozens of languages, which means that the reader needs them and is always waiting for more and more new works.