Bunin. Presentation on I.A.
The life and work of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870–1953) Author Legotskaya Vera Sergeevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5", Bryansk
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All his life, destiny, biography belongs to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin of Russia, great Russian literature. M. Roshchin He is the loving son of the Russian Noah, and he does not laugh at his father's nakedness, and is not indifferent to it ... He is connected with Russia by a fatal connection. Julius Aikhenval I.A. Bunin. Artist V. Rossinsky
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The childhood of the future writer, who was born in Voronezh, in 1870, in a family of Oryol landowners, passed on the Butyrka farm, near Yelets. House-Museum of I.A. Bunin in Yelets. The writer's study Belonging to one of the most noble "literary" families, who bestowed Russian literature on Vasily Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunina, the boy began to write poetry from the age of seven.
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Expelled from the gymnasium for poor progress, he was educated at home under the guidance of his brother Julius. In 1887–1892 the first publications of poems and critical articles appear, then the stories of I. Bunin. I.A. Bunin with his brother Julius. Photo 1893
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In 1900 Bunin's story "Antonov apples" was recognized as a masterpiece of the latest prose. In 1903, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the poetry collection Falling Leaves and the translation of the Song of Hiawatha. In 1915, the publishing house of A.F. Marx published the complete works of Bunin. I.A. Bunin. Photo 1915
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In 1907, the writer and his wife V.N. Muromtseva set off on a journey through the countries of the East in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. In 1910, he set off on a new journey - first to Europe, and then to Egypt and Ceylon. Bunin's personal belongings: a map of East Asia, travel guides, a leather wallet, a cork hat, amber and cypress rosaries - were brought by him from his travels in the Spring of 1907. The first trip to Syria, Palestine. I. A. Bunin in Ceylon. March 1911
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In the autumn of 1912 - in the spring of 1913, the writer again went abroad: to Trebizond, Constantinople, Bucharest, and the Bunins spent three winters in 1913-1915 in Capri. In November-December 1911, Bunin finished the famous story Sukhodol at the Quisisana Hotel, wrote the stories The Good Life, The Cricket, and Night Talk. Bunin wrote very quickly and immediately sent the finished texts to St. Petersburg magazines. The publication of Bunin's stories caused an ambiguous reaction in Russia: Black Hundreds critics wrote, for example, that Bunin's depiction of the Russian village is "staining the people, poetry of bad smells, millions of fleas and lice, footcloths and footcloths."
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“Around me is a dead hot sea of dunes and valleys, rocks half-covered with sands and burial grounds. Everything glitters like satin, separating from silky azure. Everywhere deathly silence and an abyss of fiery light: I go and do not take my eyes off the Sphinx. His torso is carved entirely from granite - only the head and shoulders are attached. The chest is upholstered, flat, layered. Paws are disfigured. And all of it, rough, wild, fabulously huge, bears traces of that terrible antiquity and that struggle that from time immemorial was destined for him, as the guardian of the "Country of the Sun", the country of life, from Set, the god of death. It is covered in cracks and seems lopsided from the sands that obliquely cover it. But how calmly, calmly, he looks somewhere to the East, to the distant sunny-hazy valley of the Nile. His womanly head, his five-yard noseless face evokes in my heart almost the same reverence as in the hearts of Khufu's subjects.
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In the period from 1907 to 1915, Ivan Alekseevich not once visited Turkey, the countries of Asia Minor, Greece, Oran, Algeria, Tunisia and the outskirts of the Sahara, India, traveled almost all of Europe, especially Sicily and Italy, was in Romania and Serbia.
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In 1909, the Russian Academy of Sciences elected Ivan Alekseevich Bunin an honorary academician in the category of fine literature. In 1912, in connection with the 25th anniversary of the writer's creative activity, he was honored at Moscow University; in the same year he was elected an honorary member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature (in 1914-1915 he was the chairman of this society).
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Having tragically survived the October Revolution, Bunin, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, leaves for emigration. After a number of tests, the Bunins remain in France, where almost the entire second half of the writer's life will pass, marked by the writing of 10 books, collaboration with the leading "thick" magazine of the Russian abroad "Modern notes", the creation of the novel "Arseniev's Life". I.A. Bunin with his wife V.N. Muromtseva
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In 1933, Bunin became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize "for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated the typical Russian character in fiction." I.A. Bunin accepts congratulations after the Nobel Prize was awarded to him. Stockholm. Photo 1933
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In 1934, the Berlin publishing house "Petropolis" began to publish an 11-volume collection of Bunin's works, which he himself would consider to be the most fully expressing the author's will. I.A. Bunin in the office.
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During the German occupation of France, wanted Jews are hiding in the Bunins' hideout in Grasse. In 1943, the top book of Bunin's prose "Dark Alleys" was published in New York. In the late 1940s, Bunin carefully approached the Soviet representatives in France, discussing the possibility of publishing his works in the USSR; however, in the end, he refuses to return.
GAPOU NSO "Baraba Medical College"
Life and work of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
Prepared by: teacher Khritankova N.Yu.
1870 - 1953
Writer's parents
Ludmila Aleksandrovna Bunina
Alexey Nikolaevich Bunin
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 23, 1870 (October 10, old style) in Voronezh, on Dvoryanskaya Street. The impoverished landowners Bunins belonged to a noble family, among their ancestors - V. A. Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunina.
Since 1889, an independent life began - with a change of professions, with work both in provincial and metropolitan periodicals. Collaborating with the editors of the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, the young writer met the newspaper's proofreader Varvara Vladimirovna Pashchenko, who married him in 1891.
In 1900, Bunin's story "Antonov's Apples" appeared, later included in all anthologies of Russian prose. In the same period, wide literary fame comes: for the poetry collection "Falling Leaves" (1901), for the translation of the poem by the American romantic poet G. Longfellow "The Song of Hiawatha" (1896), Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences
In the works written after the first Russian Revolution of 1905, the theme of the drama of Russian historical fate becomes the main one (the stories The Village, 1910, The Dry Valley, 1912). Both stories were a huge success with readers.
In 1910, the Bunins undertook a journey, first to Europe, and then to Egypt and Ceylon. The echoes of this journey, the impression that Buddhist culture made on the writer, are felt, in particular, in the story "Brothers" (1914).
He took the February Revolution with pain, foreseeing the coming trials. The October coup only strengthened his confidence in the approaching catastrophe. The book of journalism "Cursed Days" (1918) became a diary of the events of the life of the country and the writer's reflections at that time. The Bunins leave Moscow for Odessa (1918), and then - abroad, to France (1920). The break with the Motherland, as it turned out later, forever, was painful for the writer.
In 1927-1930, Bunin turned to the short story genre ("Elephant", "Calf's Head", "Roosters", etc.). This is the result of the writer's search for ultimate conciseness, ultimate semantic richness, semantic "capacity" of prose.
With the outbreak of World War II, in 1939, the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the Villa Jeannette, where they spent the entire war. The writer closely followed the events in Russia, refusing any form of cooperation with the Nazi occupation authorities.
Living in poverty, he stopped publishing his works, being much and seriously ill, he nevertheless wrote a book of memoirs in recent years, worked on the book "About Chekhov", published posthumously (1955) in New York.
At two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died. He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.
"Memory" I.A. Bunin.
You are a thought, you are a dream. Through the smoky blizzard Crosses are running - outstretched hands. I listen to the pensive spruce - A melodious ringing... Everything is just a thought and sounds! What lies in the grave, are you? Parting, sadness was marked Your hard way. Now they are gone. Crosses They keep only ashes. Now you are a thought. You are eternal.
Used sources
- Koster.ru / Biography of Bunin // Access mode: http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=51
- Poems of the 19th-20th centuries / Memory. Bunin // Access mode: http://www.stihi-xix-xx-vekov.ru/ivanbunin443.html
3. Yandex. pictures / Bunin// Access mode: https://yandex.ru/images/search?text
Self-education occupied an important place in the life of the future writer. He was interested in foreign and domestic classics - the best examples of literary creativity.
At the age of 17 he writes his first poems - at this time his debut in print takes place.
Soon he gets a job at the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. Bunin meets a young employee - Varvara Pashchenko. The young poet begins an affair with her - soon the couple moves to Poltava.
Ukraine, its culture and flavor, had a great influence on the writer's work. He begins to actively write prose. Bunin visited the grave of Taras Shevchenko - Ivan Alekseevich liked the poems of the Ukrainian poet. He also did their translation.
Traveling along the Dnieper inspired the writing of the essay "On the Seagull".
Over the past decade XIX century - early XX century, the collections “Under the open sky”, “Poems”, “Falling leaves” have been published. Bunin meets Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
The personal life of the author was rich. First, his wife was the daughter of a wealthy Odessa citizen Nikolai tsakni - Anna. The marriage did not last long. Soon the writer met Vera Muromtseva - she was also a writer and translator.
During the revolution of 1917 and the civil war he lived in Odessa. Supported the White Army. After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he leaves Russia for France. Maintains relations abroadpro-monarchist organizations.
In 1933 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The most famous translations are Cain by George Byron and the Song of Hiawatha » Henry Longfellow.
He lived in France during World War II. Continues to work in a classical manner. In those years, "Dark Alleys", "Sunstroke", "Mitina's Love" were written.
The literary portrait of Anton Chekhov remained unfinished. This was his last work. Ivan Alekseevich died in Paris in 1953.
After his death, during the Thaw, Bunin was one of the most published writers of the USSR. But not all were published. Some works became available to the reader only during the reign of Gorbachev.
The main theme is an outline of the life of the people, the relationship of people. The writer's prose is distinguished by subtle lyricism and psychologism. His works are closer to the Russian classics of Tolstoy, Turgenev, and not to literature 20 century. The author wrote about the life of the nobility, ordinary people, about love and morality.
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870 - 1953) Biography
Ivan Bunin was born on October 10 (22), 1870 into an old noble family in Voronezh, where he lived for the first three years of his life. Subsequently, the family moved to the Ozerki estate (Oryol province, now the Lipetsk region, Stanovlyansky district, Petrishchevskoye rural settlement).
Father - Alexei Nikolaevich Bunin (1827-1906) mother - Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Bunina (née Chubarova; 1835-1910).
Until the age of 11, he was brought up at home, in 1881 he entered the Yelets district gymnasium, in 1885 he returned home and continued his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius. He was engaged in self-education a lot, being fond of reading world and domestic literary classics. At the age of 17 he began to write poetry, in 1887 he made his debut in print. Julius Bunin, brother of the writer (1860 - 1921) Bunin brothers
In 1889 he moved to Oryol and went to work as a proofreader for the local newspaper Orlovsky Vestnik. By this time, he had a long relationship with an employee of this newspaper, Varvara Pashchenko, with whom they, contrary to the wishes of their relatives, moved to Poltava (1892). Varvara Pashchenko Bunin and Pashchenko
Collections "Poems" (Eagle, 1891), "Under the open sky" (1898), "Leaf fall" (1901; Pushkin Prize).
1895 - personally met A.P. Chekhov, before that they corresponded. I. Bunin with A. Chekhov I. Bunin, M. Chekhov, S. Lavrova in Yalta 1900 - 1902
In 1899, she married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, daughter of the revolutionary populist N. P. Tsakni. The marriage was short-lived, the only child died at the age of 5 (1905). In 1906, Bunin cohabits (a civil marriage was registered in 1922) with Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, niece of S. A. Muromtsev, chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Empire of the 1st convocation. Anna Tsakni Bunin with V. Muromtseva
In lyrics, Bunin continued the classical traditions (the collection Falling Leaves, 1901). In stories and novels he showed (sometimes with a nostalgic mood) the impoverishment of noble estates (Antonov apples, 1900) the cruel face of the village (The Village, 1910, Sukhodol) , 1911) The disastrous oblivion of the moral foundations of life ("The Gentleman from San Francisco", 1915). A sharp rejection of the October Revolution and the power of the Bolsheviks in the diary book Cursed Days (1918, published in 1925). In the autobiographical novel "The Life of Arseniev" (1930) - a recreation of the past of Russia, childhood and youth of the writer.
The tragedy of human existence in the story "Mitina's Love", 1924, the collection of short stories "Dark Alleys", 1943, as well as in other works, wonderful examples of Russian short prose. Translated "The Song of Hiawatha" by the American poet G. Longfellow. It was first published in the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper in 1896. At the end of that year, the newspaper's printing house published The Song of Hiawatha as a separate book.
Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times. On November 1, 1909, he was elected an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature.
In the summer of 1918, Bunin moved from Bolshevik Moscow to Odessa, occupied by Austrian troops. As the Red Army approaches the city in April 1919, he does not emigrate, but remains in Odessa and experiences all the horrors of Bolshevik rule there. Welcomes the capture of the city by the Volunteer Army in August 1919, personally thanks General A. I. Denikin, who arrived in the city on October 7, actively cooperates with OSVAG (propaganda and information body) under V. S. Yu. R. In February 1920, when the Bolsheviks approach, he leaves Russia. Emigrates to France. During these years, he kept the diary "Cursed Days", partially lost, which struck contemporaries with the accuracy of the language and passionate hatred for the Bolsheviks.
In exile, he was active in social and political activities: he gave lectures, collaborated with Russian political parties and organizations (conservative and nationalist), and regularly published journalistic articles. He delivered a famous manifesto about the tasks of the Russian Diaspora in relation to Russia and Bolshevism: "The Mission of the Russian Emigration". Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.
He spent the Second World War (from October 1939 to 1945) in a rented villa "Jeannette" in Grasse (Alpes-Maritimes department). Many and fruitfully engaged in literary activities, becoming one of the main figures of the Russian Diaspora.
In exile, Bunin wrote his best works, such as: "Mitya's Love" (1924) "Sunstroke" (1925) "The Case of Cornet Elagin" (1925) "The Life of Arseniev" (1927-1929, 1933) and the cycle of stories "Dark Alleys » (1938-40). These works have become a new word in Bunin's work, and in Russian literature as a whole. According to K. G. Paustovsky, “The Life of Arseniev” is not only the pinnacle of Russian literature, but also “one of the most remarkable phenomena in world literature.”
According to the Chekhov Publishing House, in the last months of his life, Bunin worked on a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov, the work remained unfinished (in the book: Loopy Ears and Other Stories, New York, 1953). He died in his sleep at two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953 in Paris. According to eyewitnesses, a volume of L. N. Tolstoy's novel "Resurrection" lay on the writer's bed. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery in France.
In 1929-1954. Bunin's works were not published in the USSR. Since 1955 - the most published writer in the USSR of the first wave of Russian emigration (several collected works, many one-volume books). Some works (“Cursed Days”, etc.) were published in the USSR only with the beginning of perestroika.
Museum of I. A. Bunin
Screen versions of "Summer of Love" - a melodrama based on the story "Natalie", director Felix Falk, Poland-Belarus, 1994 "Grammar of Love" - a film performance based on the stories "Tanya", "In Paris", "Grammar of Love", "Cold Autumn" from the cycle "Dark Alleys", director Lev Tsutsulkovsky, Lentelefilm, 1988 "Non-urgent Spring" - a film based on the works "Non-urgent Spring", "Rus", "Prince in Princes", "Flies", "Cranes", "Caucasus", Sukhodol, director Vladimir Aleksandrovich Tolkachikov, Belarusfilm, 1989 "Meshchersky" - a film based on the works "Natalie", "Tanya", "In Paris", director Boris Yashin, Russia, 1995 "Natalie" - a film performance based on the story " Natalie, director Vladimir Latyshev 1988
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Born in Voronezh, in the family of an impoverished nobleman, who belonged to an old noble family.
He lived in Voronezh for the first three years of his life.
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In 1881 he entered the gymnasium in Yelets, but studied there for only five years, since the family had no funds for the education of his youngest son.
Further education took place at home: to fully master the program of the gymnasium, and then the university, Ivan Bunin was helped by his older brother Julius, who by that time had graduated from the university, spent a year in prison for political reasons and was sent home for three years.
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In May 1887, the work of the young writer first appeared in print: the St. Petersburg weekly magazine Rodina published one of his poems.
Bunin wrote his first poem at the age of eight.
The night is sad, like my dreams.
Far away in the wide deserted steppe
The light is flickering lonely...
There is a lot of sadness and love in the heart.
But to whom and how will you tell
What is calling you, what is the heart full of! -
The way is far, the deaf steppe is silent,
The night is sad, like my dreams.
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Independent life began in the spring of 1889: Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, following his brother Julius, moved to Kharkov.
Soon he visited the Crimea, and in the fall he began working at the Oryol Bulletin.
In 1891, his student's book "Poems. 1887-1891" was published in the supplement to the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik".
Then Ivan Bunin met Varvara Vladimirovna Pashchenko, who worked as a proofreader for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. In 1891, they began to live as one family, but since Varvara Vladimirovna's parents were against this marriage, the couple lived unmarried.
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In 1892 they moved to Poltava, where brother Julius was in charge of the statistical bureau of the provincial zemstvo.
Ivan Bunin joined the service as a zemstvo council librarian, and then as a statistician in the provincial council. During his life in Poltava, he met L.N. Tolstoy. At various times he worked as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, newspaper reporter.
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In January 1895, after the betrayal of his wife, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin left the service and moved first to St. Petersburg, and then to Moscow.
In 1898 he married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, a Greek woman, the daughter of a revolutionary and emigrant N.P. Click. Family life again turned out to be unsuccessful and in 1900 the couple divorced, and in 1905 their son Nikolai died.
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Literary fame came to Ivan Bunin in 1900 after the publication of the story "Antonov apples".
“The smell of Antonov apples disappears from the landowners' estates. Those days were so recent, and meanwhile it seems to me that almost a whole century has passed since then.
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In 1906, in Moscow, he met Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva (1881-1961),
who became his wife in 1907 and faithful companion until the end of his life.
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In 1909, the Russian Academy of Sciences elected Ivan Alekseevich Bunin an honorary academician in the category of fine literature.
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From 1907 to 1915, Ivan Alekseevich was not once in Turkey, in the countries of Asia Minor, in Greece, in Iran, Algeria, Egypt, Ceylon, Tunisia and on the outskirts of the Sahara, in India, he traveled almost all of Europe, especially Sicily and Italy, I've been to Romania and Serbia...
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Revolution of 1917 in Russia
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was extremely hostile to the February and October revolutions of 1917 and perceived them as a catastrophe. On May 21, 1918, he left Moscow for Odessa, and in February 1920 he emigrated first to the Balkans and then to France.
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In exile, relations with prominent Russian emigrants were difficult for the Bunins, especially since the writer himself did not have a sociable character.
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In 1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, the first Russian writer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The official Soviet press explained the decision of the Nobel Committee by the intrigues of imperialism.
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In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the Villa Jeannette, where they spent the entire war. Ivan Alekseevich refused any form of cooperation with the Nazi invaders and tried to constantly monitor events in Russia. In 1945, the Bunins returned to Paris.
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Ivan Alekseevich repeatedly expressed a desire to return to Russia, in 1946 he called the decree of the Soviet government "On the restoration of citizens of the former Russian Empire in citizenship of the USSR ..." as a "generous measure", but Zhdanov's decree on the magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad" (1946 ), which trampled on Anna Akhmatova and Mikhail Zoshchenko, led to the fact that Bunin forever abandoned his intention to return to his homeland.
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The last years of the writer were spent in poverty.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in Paris. On the night of November 7-8, 1953, two hours after midnight, he died: he died quietly and calmly, in his sleep. On his bed lay a novel by L.N. Tolstoy "Resurrection". Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was buried at the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.
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