Presentation for class hour "195 years since the birth of the Russian writer F. Dostoevsky (1821)
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Russian writer, philosopher, thinker FYODOR MIKHAILOVICH DOSTOYEVSKY Dostoevsky's creative work is the glory of Russian literature.
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Dostoevsky's work preaches two ideas: rebellion and humility, both of which require heroic deeds. This name caused so many disputes, mutually exclusive judgments: “cruel talent”, “prophet of the Russian revolution”, “Servant of God and the devil at the same time” Description of human weaknesses is not immoral, just as anatomy is not murder A. Pushkin Man is a mystery. It must be read, and if you will solve it all your life, then do not say that you have wasted time; I am engaged in this secret because I want to be a man. F. Dostoevsky
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ORIGIN OF THE WRITER 1821 - BORN IN MOSCOW, IN A PROSISTENT FAMILY. Father - Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky was a wealthy nobleman and landowner, he was a doctor, graduated from the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy, worked at the Mariinsky Hospital. This brought a good income, he bought the village of Darovoye in the Tula province. Mother - Maria Fedorovna Dostoevskaya was from a family of a merchant. After the war, they became impoverished and lost their wealth. At the age of 19, the girl was married off. The writer remembers her with warmth, she was a good housewife and mother. There are 8 children in the family - 4 boys and 4 girls. Fedor was the second child. The older brother, Mikhail, also became a writer. He had a warm relationship with his sisters and brothers. His mother died early, when the boy was only 16 years old. .
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1834 - studying at a private boarding school L. I. Chermak. 1838 - After the death of his mother, his father sent his two eldest sons (Mikhail and Fedor) to one of the pensions in St. Petersburg. There he studied at the Main Engineering School. 1842 - graduated from college, received the title of second lieutenant engineer, was sent to the service. 1844 - retired. Fedor was fond of literature, history and philosophy. He, like his older brother, respected the work of the great Russian writer A.S. Pushkin, regularly visited Belinsky's literary circle, where he communicated with writers and poets of his time. WRITER'S EDUCATION
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1844 - wrote his first story "Poor people". This work received the highest rating in domestic and world literature. Even critics of Russian society reacted favorably to this story. 1849 - was arrested for participating in a socialist conspiracy against the government ("the Petrashevsky case"), for a long time (8 months) he was under investigation, after which he was convicted by a military court and sentenced to death. The sentence was not executed and the writer remained alive. As punishment, he was deprived of the nobility, all available ranks and fortune, exiled to Siberia for hard labor for 4 years. It was a difficult time, at the end of which Dostoevsky was to be enrolled in the ordinary soldiers. PERSONALITY, CREATIVITY, ACTIVITY
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REFERENCE TO hard labor Dostoevsky served his term in Siberia (Omsk), 1854 - was sent as an ordinary soldier to serve in Semipalatinsk. A year later he was promoted to non-commissioned officer, in 1856 he again became an officer, it was the reign of Emperor Alexander II. Dostoevsky was not a completely healthy person, he suffered all his life from epilepsy, which in the old days was called epilepsy. The disease first manifested itself in the writer when he worked in hard labor. For this reason, he was dismissed and returned to St. Petersburg. Now he has enough time to study literature.
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1860 - magazine "Time". The elder brother, Mikhail, began publishing his own literary magazine, Vremya. In it, the writer for the first time publishes his novel "The Humiliated and Insulted", which the society accepted with understanding and sympathy. Later, another work of the author was published - "Notes from the House of the Dead", in which the writer, under an assumed name, told readers about his life and the lives of other people serving time in hard labor. All of Russia read this work and appreciated what was hidden between the lines. 1863 - the magazine "Time" was closed. 1864 - the brothers released a new magazine, Epoch. On the pages of these magazines the world saw for the first time such remarkable works of the author as: Notes from the Underground, Winter Notes on Summer Impressions, etc. In 1866, his brother Mikhail died. It was a hard blow.
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The author begins the most fruitful period .. He gained great popularity during these years. 1866 - the novel "Crime and Punishment". 1868 - the novel "Idiot" 1870 - the novel "Demons". 1875 - the novel "The Teenager" is written. 1880 - The Brothers Karamazov novel is finished. 1876 - Dostoevsky got his own publication - "A Writer's Diary", which literally in a year gained great popularity (the publication was represented by multiple essays, feuilletons and notes and was produced in a small circulation - only 8 thousand copies). LAST 10 YEARS OF LIFE
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Dostoevsky did not immediately find his happiness in his personal life. He was first married to Maria Isaeva, married in 1957. Maria used to be the wife of an acquaintance of Dostoevsky. When her husband died, in 1855, she married a second time. The couple was married in the church, since Dostoevsky was a deeply religious person. She had a son, Pavel, who became the adopted son of the writer. She did not love her new young husband, there were quarrels, she reproached him and regretted that she had married him. THREE LOVES OF DOSTOYEVSKY
Biography of Dostoevsky
Slides: 13 Words: 466 Sounds: 1 Effects: 40Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born into the family of a doctor in the Moscow Maryinsky hospital. The writer's father is M. Dostoevsky. 1838-1843 - Dostoevsky studied at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School. 1844 - Fedor retired and took up literary activity. M.D. Isaeva - the first wife of F.M. Dostoevsky. 1846 - Dostoevsky's first story, Poor People. 1847 - Dostoevsky becomes a member of the revolutionary circle of M.V. Petrashevsky. 1850-54 - Fedor was enrolled as a private in the Siberian line regiment in Semipalatinsk. 1859 - returned to St. Petersburg and resumed literary activity. - Dostoevsky.ppt
Dostoevsky's novels
Slides: 16 Words: 1270 Sounds: 0 Effects: 59Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Portrait of a writer. Content. The main facts of the life and work of the writer. Drawing F.M.Dostoevsky. Graphics by F.M. Dostoevsky - chaos or regularity? Portrait drawings by F. M. Dostoevsky. "Gothic" drawings by F.M. Dostoevsky. "Calligraphy" by F.M. Dostoevsky. Reference materials. Dostoevsky F.M. (1821-1881). Autograph: "To dear brother Andrey from brother Fyodor. October 12 / 18.1879." The dedicatory inscription is addressed to A. M. Dostoevsky (1825-1897), the younger brother of the writer. Basic facts of life and creativity. The death of A.S. Pushkin, acutely experienced by Dostoevsky. - Dostoevsky 1.ppt
Writer Dostoevsky
Slides: 36 Words: 1015 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1Life and creation. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Content. Childhood. Years of teaching the beginning of the literary activity of the revolutionary circles. Arrest. hard labor. Military service return to literary activity. Magazines "time", "epoch". "Crime and Punishment" "Idiot". Dostoevsky's funeral. Sculptor S.D. Merkurov In 1918. The monument was moved to the building of the former Mariinsky hospital for the poor. Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky is the father of Fyodor Mikhailovich. He was a gloomy, nervous, suspicious man. Maria Fedorovna Dostoevskaya is the mother of the writer. She was a cheerful, kind, religious person. - Dostoevsky 2.ppt
Fedor Dostoevsky
Slides: 11 Words: 1998 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Life and work of the great Russian writer. M. Gorky. Now there is a memorial museum-apartment of F. M. Dostoevsky. Mikhail Andreevich was a gloomy, nervous, suspicious person. He was a doctor (head physician) of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. Hereditary nobleman since 1828. Writer's father. The writer's mother. The Old Testament "Book of Job" also became a bright childhood impression of the writer. In 1833, Fyodor Dostoevsky was sent to the Moscow half board of N.I. Drashusova. Dostoevsky experiences two losses at once. The writer recalled the years of study as “hard labor years”. - Dostoevsky 3.ppt
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
Slides: 47 Words: 105 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky 1821-1881 Funeral of Dostoevsky. The hospital where the writer was born. Writer's father. Mikhail Andreevich. The writer's mother. Maria Fedorovna. Dostoevsky's brother. Michael. School of Engineering. Engineering lock. Dostoevsky in Petersburg. Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Peter and Paul Fortress. The execution of the Petrashevites. In exile. Semipalatinsk in the time of Dostoevsky. House in Semipalatinsk. Chokan Valikhanov. First wife. Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. The editors of the magazines "Epoch" and "Time". Apollinaria Suslova. Anna Grigorievna Snitkina. Second wife. The novel "Crime and Punishment" was written here. - Dostoevsky 4.ppt
F. Dostoevsky
Slides: 12 Words: 514 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Dostoevsky Fedor Mikhailovich. Great Russian writer and thinker. Years of life: 10/30/1821-01/28/1881 Born in Moscow. Signature: Family. After the death of his wife in 1837, he retired and settled in Darovoye. Mother Maria Fedorovna (nee Nechaeva). She was, according to the memories of the children, a beautiful and kind woman. She died of consumption in 1815. The life of a writer. In 1833 Dostoevsky was sent with his brother Mikhail to Drashusov's half board. From the autumn of 1834 to the spring of 1837, Dostoevsky attended the private boarding school of Chermak. Memories of the boarding house served as material for many of the writer's works. 1837 was an important date for Dostoevsky. - F.Dostoevsky.pptx
F.M.Dostoevsky
Slides: 14 Words: 1082 Sounds: 0 Effects: 31Life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky. The origin of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The beginning of Fyodor Dostoevsky's studies. Dostoevsky's attitude to his father, a suspicious and painfully suspicious man, was ambivalent. Dostoevsky at the Engineering School (1838-43). The first literary ideas took shape in the school. The beginning of Dostoevsky's literary work. At the same time, Dostoevsky worked on the translation of novels by Eugene Sue and George Sand. Dostoevsky's triumphant debut. Literary circle of Dostoevsky. Having entered the circle of Belinsky, Ivan Fedorovich met I. S. Turgenev, V. F. Odoevsky, I. I. Panaev. - F.M.Dostoevsky.ppt
Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich
Slides: 26 Words: 1153 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881). Life and creation. The purpose of the lesson is to determine the role of F.M. Dostoevsky in the history of Russian literature. The main task is to get acquainted with the most important facts of the life and work of the writer. Pedigree. The distant ancestors of the Dostoevskys belonged to an old noble family. Childhood. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow on Bozhedomka. The boy was named after his grandfather, merchant of the 3rd guild Fyodor Nechaev. Little is known about the writer's childhood years. The Dostoevsky family loved to read. Fedor was fond of N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, V. Scott, F. Cooper. - Fyodor Dostoevsky.ppt
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
Slides: 25 Words: 3659 Sounds: 0 Effects: 28Dostoevsky. Russian writer. The suffering of a "little" man. Father. Older brother. School friend. Balzac. The novel "Poor people". Critics. Circle of Belinsky. Social problems. The story of the little hero. Estate gap. Uncle's dream. Dostoevsky retired. Time. Difficult relationships. Player. Circle of main ideas of the novel. Roman Idiot. The novel "Demons". The novel "Teenager". Novels of mature Dostoevsky. - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.ppt
Writer Fyodor Dostoevsky
Slides: 30 Words: 2026 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Dostoevsky Fedor Mikhailovich. 1821 - 1881. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born on November 11, 1821 in Moscow. The father of the family was a strict man. But she was a kind and loving mother. Often in the evenings, family readings were held in the Dostoevsky family. Then Dostoevsky begins to write the novel Netochka Nezvanova. N.A. Speshnev. S.F. Durov. The staging of the death penalty took place on December 22, 1849. A.E. Wrangel. At the beginning of 1857 Dostoevsky marries. But very soon Dostoevsky seeks to move to the northern capital. M.D. Isaeva, Dostoevsky's first wife. House in Semipalatinsk, where the writer lived with M. D. Isaeva after his marriage. - Writer Fyodor Dostoevsky.pptx
Dostoevsky and Gogol
Slides: 17 Words: 973 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Methodological passport of the project. Reveal the traditional and innovative in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. Hypothesis: If we study the materials characterizing the leading trends in the development of Russian literature in the second half of the 30s-40s. Tasks: - To study the materials characterizing the leading trends in the development of Russian literature in the second half of the 30s-40s. Bibliography. Encyclopedia"; Theoretical part. 1. Gogol in the context of the literature of the second half of the 30s - 40s. XIX century 1.1. "Natural school" in the literature of the 40s. Gogol - the founder of the "natural school" 1.2. Gogol and "Pushkin's direction" 1.3. F.M. Dostoevsky about N.V. Gogol 2.1. Tradition and innovation in the literary process. - Dostoevsky and Gogol.ppt
Dostoevsky biography
Slides: 16 Words: 371 Sounds: 0 Effects: 82Subject: F.M. Dostoevsky Stages of biography and creativity. CRITICAL REALISM - the predominance of a critical attitude to the depicted reality. Dictionary work: M. A. Dostoevsky - the father of the writer. 1823 M. F. Dostoevskaya - the mother of the writer. 1823 Mariinsky hospital for the poor, left wing. F. M. Dostoevsky was born here. Anna Radcliff. Makar Devushkin and Varenka Dobroselova. 1845 - 1848 Butashevich-Petrashevsky circle. December 23, 1849 1967 1868 1866 The face of the young man was, however, pleasant, thin and dry, but colorless ... 1872. Rough drafts of the novel "Demons". - Dostoevsky biography.ppt
Brief biography of Dostoevsky
Slides: 17 Words: 363 Sounds: 0 Effects: 5Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Wing of the Mariinsky hospital. Dostoevsky's parents. Thoughtful boy. "Poor people". Alekseevsky ravelin. At the beginning of 1857 Dostoevsky marries. "Time". "Epoch". Petersburg. Apollinaria Suslova. Anna Grigorievna Snitkina. "Crime and Punishment". "Moron". January 28, 1881. Funeral of Dostoevsky. F.M.Dostoevsky. - Brief biography of Dostoevsky.ppt
Dostoevsky's life
Slides: 6 Words: 747 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Life after execution. On the Semyonovsky square. From a letter to brother Michael. Dostoevsky was sentenced to four years in hard labor. Omsk prison. There was an infinite amount of various material around. Omsk. After hard labor. Dostoevsky developed a severe nervous illness - epilepsy. - Life of Dostoevsky.ppt
Facts from the life of Dostoevsky
Slides: 15 Words: 2283 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Father. Time of a short stay in Tobolsk. Chapter "Crime and Punishment". Family and environment. Dostoevsky in 1863. Monument to Dostoevsky in Moscow. Monument to Dostoevsky. Memorial table. Dostoevsky's apartment. House-museum of the writer in Staraya Russa. Geneva. Memorial plaque on the house. St. Petersburg. Genealogy of Dostoevsky. - Facts from the life of Dostoevsky.ppt
Life and work of Dostoevsky
Slides: 21 Words: 837 Sounds: 0 Effects: 8Man is a mystery. F. M. Dostoevsky. Participants: students of grades 5-11, head. library, teachers of literature, hands. museum. The purpose of the event: to expand the ideas of schoolchildren about the life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky. Events dedicated to the 190th anniversary of F.M. Dostoevsky. The complex, dramatic history of F.M. Dostoevsky and M.D. Isaeva did not leave anyone indifferent. N.V. Gogol, Novokuznetsk. The event is dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Texts published since 1903 are presented in fragments. http://dostoevsky.gogolevka.ru/. - Life and work of Dostoevsky.ppt
Stages of life and work of Dostoevsky
Slides: 25 Words: 2218 Sounds: 0 Effects: 26The life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky. Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Materials of the biography and creativity of F. M. Dostoevsky. Engineering lock. Literary environment of the 40s. Petrashevsky Society. White Nights. Petersburg. Semipalatinsk. Return to Petersburg. First trips to Europe. Roulette. 1864 is the most difficult year in Dostoevsky's life. Second marriage. The novel "Crime and Punishment". Life in Europe. Roman Idiot. The novel "Demons". Magazine "Citizen". The novel "Teenager". Writer's diary. The novel The Brothers Karamazov. Pushkin speech. In January 1881 Dostoevsky died suddenly. - Stages of Dostoevsky's life and work.ppt
The artistic world of Dostoevsky
Slides: 27 Words: 669 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The artistic world of the writer F.M. Dostoevsky. Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The writer's parents Mariinsky hospital for the poor. Older brother. Engineering castle in St. Petersburg. Petersburg life. Spiritual development of Dostoevsky. The beginning of literary activity. Illustrations for the novel "White Nights". My nights ended in the morning. Nastenka. revolutionary activity. Arrest. The rite of execution of the Petrashevites. Link to Siberia. Reading was strictly forbidden. Return to Petersburg. Humiliated and insulted. Notes from the House of the Dead. Path. Human society. Anxious tocsin of Dostoevsky. - Artistic world of Dostoevsky.ppt
Petersburg and Dostoevsky
Slides: 16 Words: 1668 Sounds: 0 Effects: 35Team "Turgenev girls" school 62, Omsk. PLAN: Historical background of St. Petersburg. The architecture of the Northern capital in Dostoevsky's novel. L. - the cradle of the Great October Revolution, the city-hero. From the end of the 12th century, the territory became the object of foreign claims. Since 1712 St. Petersburg has been the capital of Russia. St. Petersburg is one of the largest cultural centers in the country. History reference. Everything was scattered and in disarray, especially various children's rags. A sheet with holes was stretched through the back corner. Behind her was a bed. There is a big house here, all under drinking and other establishments. - Petersburg.ppt
Petersburg Dostoevsky
Slides: 13 Words: 1932 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Petersburg of Dostoevsky. F.M. Dostoevsky. Petersburg in literature. For Dostoevsky Petersburg. Petersburg in the novel "Crime and Punishment". Hay Square. Dostoevsky peered intently and intently into the streets. A. G. Dostoevskaya in the fields. Raskolnikov's house. Raskolnikov climbs the stairs of his house many times. Alena Ivanovna, Raskolnikov's creditor. - Petersburg of Dostoevsky.ppt
The image of St. Petersburg in Dostoevsky
Slides: 26 Words: 773 Sounds: 0 Effects: 32The image of St. Petersburg in the works of Dostoevsky. Yes, I love it, a huge proud city, but not for what others do. The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the image of St. Petersburg. Work structure. Working method. Research materials. In the works of F. M. Dostoevsky, the image of St. Petersburg is given vividly. Dostoevsky emphasizes the spinelessness of the appearance of the city. Panorama of the Neva in the novel "Crime and Punishment". Description of the house where Nelly's mother lived. For Dostoevsky, Petersburg is "the most gloomy city." "The visitors to this confectionery are mostly Germans ...". Addresses associated with the heroes of the works of F. M. Dostoevsky. - The image of St. Petersburg in Dostoevsky.ppt
Dostoevsky and world culture
Slides: 36 Words: 707 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Dostoevsky and world culture. But still, at that time, we still could not quite clearly understand why it was especially important for a European to know that there was a sensitive metaphor of Dostoevsky nearby. It turned out that many more years had passed, and the horror of Golyadkin's situation, left alone with the world of lawlessness, and the hopeless agony of Raskolnikov's mind, would again rise to their full height, casting a shadow on the coming civilization. Together with Dostoevsky, world culture found salvation from the oppressive soullessness of mechanisms and electronics. It turned out that for Europe the problems seen by Dostoevsky in Russia are even more dramatic. - World culture.ppt
Dostoevsky's stories
Slides: 22 Words: 386 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky 1821-1881. “Man is a mystery. Father - Mikhail Andreevich, was a gloomy, nervous, suspicious person. Mother - Maria Fedorovna, nee Nechaeva, came from a merchant family. MIKHAIL MIKHAILOVICH DOSTOYEVSKY - Fyodor's elder brother. In 1833, Fyodor Dostoevsky was sent to the Moscow half board of N.I. Drashusova. 1838 - 1843 - studying at the Main Engineering School. 1844 - 1845 - work on the first novel "Poor People". The story "The Little Hero" is written here. 1850 - 1854 - hard labor. Spring 1857 - Dostoevsky marries the widow Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. - Stories of Dostoevsky.ppt
White Nights Dostoevsky
Slides: 30 Words: 637 Sounds: 3 Effects: 57"The image of a dreamer in F.M. Dostoevsky's story "White Nights". I wish you creative success. Theme of the lesson:" The image of a dreamer in F.M. Dostoevsky's story "White Nights". F. M. Dostoevsky "White Nights". Sentimental novel. (From the memories of a dreamer). In St. Petersburg, white nights last from June 11 to July 2. "White Nights". The meaning of the name. symbolic meaning. Turgenev. Turgenev. "Flower". What is the role of the epigraph to the work? Helps to realize the main idea contained in the last lines: “My God! A whole minute of bliss! Vocabulary work. Dreamer. - White Nights Dostoevsky.pptx
Dostoevsky white nights lesson
Slides: 14 Words: 404 Sounds: 0 Effects: 5Lesson topic: The image of a dreamer in the story of F.M. Dostoevsky "White Nights". Man is a mystery. F.M. Dostoevsky. Problem question. Vocabulary work. Dreamer. Dream. The object of desires, aspirations; something created by the imagination, mentally represented. According to the dictionary of Ozhegov S.I. Petersburg chronicle. The film "White Nights" (based on the work of the same name by F.M. Dostoevsky). Roman2 is a love relationship between a man and a woman. Take note: Romance on poems by A.S. Pushkin "I loved you ...". - Dostoevsky White Nights lesson.ppt
Dostoevsky Poor people
Slides: 13 Words: 1008 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0"Little Man": Type or Personality? literature lessons in grade 9 based on the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Poor people". “Man is a mystery. V.N. Maikov. Literary criticism. Lesson objectives. "Dear brother. You must have been waiting for my letter, dear brother. But I was held back by the instability of my position. I received 500 silver rubles from Muscovites. About half of March I was ready and satisfied. But here is another story: the censor is not hired for less than a month. You can't censor before. I took back the manuscript, not knowing what to do. For in addition to four weeks of censorship, the press will also eat up three weeks. - Dostoevsky Poor people.ppt
Dostoevsky Idiot
Slides: 9 Words: 310 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot": from interpretation to text. (Peculiarities of rhythmic organization). 3 chapters of the research text. Interdisciplinary studies of the novel "The Idiot" (the novel as a cultural phenomenon). Ideologemes of "religious" philology. Features of the rhythmic organization of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot". Rhythmic organization of the 1st chapter of the 1st part of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Idiot": the syntactic level. Statistical study of different types of rem in the speech of heroes. -
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Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky 1821 - 1881 Dostoevsky's genius is undeniable, in terms of the power of depiction his talent is perhaps equal only to Shakespeare M. Gorky
Man is a mystery. It must be unraveled, and if you will unravel it all your life, then do not say that you have wasted time; I am engaged in this secret because I want to be a man.
The Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor in Moscow is the father's place of work. October 30 old style, November 11 new 1821 was born one of the greatest Russian writers Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
THE WRITER'S FATHER ACQUIRED TWO VILLAGES FOR PERSONAL USE. IN EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, THE FATHER WAS AN INDEPENDENT PERSON. WAS AN EDUCATED, CARING FAMILY MAN, BUT HAVE AN irascible temperament. Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky The writer's grandfather was a priest. The writer's father is Mikhail Andreevich. As a fifteen-year-old boy, he fled to Moscow, where he graduated from the Medicom-Surgical Academy, participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, and from 1821 was the chief physician at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor in Moscow. Having risen to the rank of collegiate assessor, he received the right to hereditary nobility.
Maria Fyodorovna Dostoevskaya DOSTOYEVSKY'S MOTHER, MARIA FYODOROVNA, NEED NECHAYEVA, COMES FROM MOSCOW MERCHANTS. Cheerful, perfectly wrapped, she loved poetry very much, played the guitar, sang well and was very unlike her husband, a gloomy, hot -tempered and suspicious person suffering from sparks of painful longing, children were brought up according to the traditions of antiquity in fear and obedience, rarely leaving the walls. HOSPITAL BUILDING. THE FAMILY SPENT THE SUMMER MONTHS IN A SMALL ESTATE. CHILDREN ENJOYED ALMOST COMPLETE FREEDOM, T.K. TIME WAS USUALLY SPENDED WITHOUT A FATHER.
Facade of the main building of the former Mariinsky hospital for the poor, where the father of the writer M.A. Dostoevsky served as a doctor. F.M. Dostoevsky was born in the left wing of the hospital in 1821, and he spent his childhood and adolescence in the right wing. Now here is the Museum-apartment of F.M. Nearby was a cemetery where vagrants, criminals and suicides found their last shelter. There was also a hospital for the mentally ill and an orphanage for foundlings. It was here that the future writer was born.
The closest person in the life of the writer was his older brother Mikhail. They were always friendly, helping each other in difficult times. THE DOSTOYEVSKY FAMILY HAD SIX MORE CHILDREN: MIKHAIL, VARVARA, ANDREY, VERA, NIKOLAI AND ALEXANDRA. MIKHAIL DOSTOYEVSKY, WRITER'S BROTHER. They were united by common interests, both of them joined literature early and often shared their impressions of what they had read with each other. The brothers retained a sense of friendship and affection for the rest of their lives. Fedor was the second child in the family
AND IN A YEAR, HE, TOGETHER WITH BROTHER MIKHAIL, GOES TO ST. PETERSBURG, TO ENTER THE ENGINEERING SCHOOL. BUT MIKHAIL CAN'T BE ENROLLED HERE FOR HEALTH CONDITION. MIKHAIL WAS FORCED TO ENTER THE ENGINEERING JUNKER IN REVEL. IN THE WINTER OF 1837 FYODOR MIKHAILOVICH'S MOTHER DIE, AND THIS PERIOD IS CONSIDERED AS THE END OF THE WRITER'S CHILDHOOD. Engineering School in St. Petersburg
The study of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky at the Engineering School is associated with the death of his father in the early summer of 1839. The future writer endured this tragedy very hard, especially since there were persistent rumors that Mikhail Andreevich, who liked to pester village women, was killed by his own peasants. And it was with the death of his father that the first attack of epilepsy was connected, which haunted Fyodor Mikhailovich until the end of his life. Fedor Mikhailovich did not feel any attraction to military service, but this was the will of his father. Later, the writer recalled: “My brother and I then aspired to a new life, dreamed of something terrible, of everything “beautiful and high” ... We believed in something passionately, and even though we both knew perfectly well everything that was required for the exam from mathematics but we dreamed of poetry and poets. My brother wrote poems, three poems every day ... and in my mind I composed a novel from Venetian life ”After graduating from college, Fyodor got into the engineering department, and Nicholas I imposed a resolution on his practical work:“ What fool drew this?
1844 - retired and took up literary activity “A rather round, fair blond with a rounded face and a slightly upturned nose. Light brown hair was cut short, a high forehead and sparse eyebrows concealed small, rather deep-lying gray eyes; her cheeks were pale and freckled; the complexion is sickly, earthy, the lips are thick; He was far more lively, more mobile, more ardent than his sedate brother ... He loved poetry passionately, but wrote only in prose, because he did not have enough patience to process the form; thoughts in his head were born like splashes in a whirlpool, ”as Dr. Riesenkampf recalled, in the same apartment with whom Dostoevsky lived at that time
After graduating from college in May 1845, Dostoevsky wrote the first work, which he called "Poor People". But the first attempt at writing was the translation of Balzac's Eugene Grandet, which was published in 1844. The novel "Poor People" was published in the "Petersburg Collection". And it was after this that he became widely known. Nekrasov and many others considered Dostoevsky a successor to Gogol's traditions. But unlike Gogol, Fyodor Mikhailovich describes his characters more deeply from the psychological side. TITLE PAGE OF THE "PETERSBURG COLLECTION" IN WHICH THE STORY "POOR PEOPLE" WAS PUBLISHED Fyodor Dostoevsky. 1847
In March 1846, on Nevsky Prospekt, a stranger in a black cloak approached the writer and asked: “What is the idea of your future story, let me ask?” - it was an acquaintance with a former employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky. And starting in the spring of 1847, the writer became a permanent member of the Petrashevsky circle. Political, socio-economic, literary and other problems were discussed at these meetings. Dostoevsky was a supporter of the abolition of serfdom and the abolition of censorship of literature. But unlike the rest of the Petrashevites, he was an ardent opponent of the violent overthrow of the existing government. M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Circle of Petrashevsky
Dostoevsky was sentenced to hard labor for 4 years, which he served in the Omsk jail in 1850-1854. Omsk is a nasty little town. There are almost no trees. In summer, heat and wind with sand, in winter a snowstorm. I didn't see nature. The town is dirty, military and depraved in the highest degree ”Dostoevsky The fence around the Omsk prison In the Omsk military hard labor prison, the writer conceived “Notes from the Dead House”, which will be published only in 1861-1862.
He is humiliated, offended, but he cannot suppress in his soul a passionate interest in the participation of such people, he could not suppress the voice of doubt, disbelief, protest, rebellion. He writes "Humiliated and Insulted" - the first major work after returning from Siberia.
In February 1854, Dostoevsky, by a court decision, was appointed as a private in the Semipalatinsk linear battalion. The writer begins to visit the highest circles, where he meets Ch.Ch.Valikhanov, a prominent Kazakh figure, thanks to whom, on October 1, 1856, ordinary Dostoevsky receives an officer rank, and a little earlier he was returned to the title of nobility.
Among the stench and filth of hard labor, quarrels, squabbles, deaths, fights surrounding him, Dostoevsky was able to see what no one had seen before him - he “finally distinguished people in hard labor between robbers at the age of 4.” “Would you believe it: there are deep, strong, beautiful characters, and how fun it was to find gold under the rough bark. And not one, not two, but several. Some cannot be ignored, others are decidedly beautiful,” he writes to his brother. All the years of penal servitude, Dostoevsky kept notes that served as the basis for “Notes from the House of the Dead”: “Lonely in spirit, I reviewed my whole past life ... my future life, neither those mistakes, nor those falls that were before .. And how much youth was buried in these walls in vain, how many great forces died here in vain! Penal servitude becomes for Dostoevsky the most important and decisive period in his life, the value of which for his spiritual and creative life the writer will comprehend all his life. From now on, his heroes will be carriers of his own life and spiritual experience.
In Semipalatinsk, the soldier met the official Alexander Isaev and his wife Maria Dmitrievna. A fragile, sickly woman awakened such tenderness in a tortured heart that it lasted for many years to come. For the first time, an educated woman from society gave Dostoevsky her favor. It seemed to him: only she, with her sensitive soul, saw that a vulnerable and poetic nature was hidden behind an awkward figure. And she poured out her grievances and complaints to him for hours. She herself very soon became attached to him, but there was no need to talk about love. Only a year later there was closeness between them. The lover was in seventh heaven. But - the irony of fate! - a week later, the beloved's husband was transferred to serve very far.
The Lepukhins' house, where Dostoevsky lived with his wife after his marriage. Dostoevsky survived three terrible years until he reunited with the woman he loved. Maria Dmitrievna's husband drank himself and died, leaving her in poverty. Dostoevsky (the term of the soldier's service had just ended) begged her to agree to the marriage. This union did not bring any joy .. Both irritated and exhausted each other. He began to experience epileptic seizures. She turned into a complete hysteric, who was also burned by deadly tuberculosis ... Both ended up at the grave of their marriage. Moreover, Fyodor Mikhailovich - by that time a well-known writer - once received a letter from a 22-year-old girl, Apollinaria Suslova. The girl declared her love, but he had already forgotten what it was ... He began a secret stormy relationship with this young lady.
FROM 1861, TOGETHER WITH BROTHER MIKHAIL, DOSTOYEVSKY BEGINS TO PUBLISH THE MAGAZINES "TIME" AND "AGE" (1864 - 1865). SUMMER 1862 VISITES PARIS, LONDON, GENEVA. SOON THE MAGAZINE "TIME" WAS CLOSED BECAUSE OF THE INNOCENT ARTICLE OF N. STRAKHOV, BUT IN THE BEGINNING OF 64 "EPOKHA" STARTED TO BE PUBLICATED. We decided to found a magazine completely independent of literary authorities - despite our respect for them ... our magazine will not have any non-literary antipathies and predilections ... We will not shy away from controversy ... F.M. Dostoevsky ("Announcement of a subscription to the magazine" Time ”on 1861”) Dostoevsky, together with his brother, promoted the ideology of the soil, close to Slavophilism. They published the essays "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" (1863) and the story "Notes from the Underground" (1864).
ON APRIL 16, 1864, THE WIFE DIED, WHO HAVE BEEN SICK WITH CONSUMPTION FOR MORE THAN 4 YEARS, AND ON JUNE 10, FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY'S BROTHER, MIKHAIL, SUDDENLY DIED. IMPACT AFTER IMPACT AND THE MASS OF DEBTS FINALLY BREAKED THE BUSINESS, AND AT THE BEGINNING OF 1865 THE "AGE" WAS CLOSED. DOSTOYEVSKY LEFT 15,000 RUBLES OF DEBT AND THE MORAL OBLIGATION TO SUPPORT THE FAMILY OF THE DEATH BROTHER AND THE SON OF THE WIFE FROM THE FIRST HUSBAND. IN THE SUMMER OF 1866 DOSTOYEVSKY WAS IN MOSCOW AND AT THE COTTAGE IN THE VILLAGE OF LYUBLINO, WHERE AT NIGHT WRITTEN THE NOVEL "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT". ACCORDING TO THE AUTHOR'S HIMSELF, THE NOVEL "WERE EXTREMELY SUCCESSFUL" AND RAISED HIS "REPUBLIC AS A WRITER". All my heart will rely with blood on this novel, I conceived it in hard labor, in a difficult moment of sadness, lying on the bunk on the bunk ... F.M. Dostoevsky
Dostoevsky conceived a new novel "The Gambler". An excellent stenographer was needed, and acquaintances recommended the twenty-year-old Anya Snitkina. She did not immediately realize that she had fallen in love with a famous writer. She was horrified by his life - he eats with a wooden spoon, does not know how to save money, there is no one to clean his coat for him ... And Dostoevsky got used to Anechka's peace of mind, her prudence. For the first time in my life, it was not a predator, not a tormentor, but a loving soul, a helper. When asked to become a wife, Anya Snitkina replied: "I will love you all my life," and kept her word. Well, one can imagine the heights at which a man in his sixties soared with a young beloved for another fourteen years that he was destined to live ... Some of her features are recognizable in Dunechka Raskolnikova ("Crime and Punishment"). 1867 - marriage to the stenographer Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina. A.G. Dostoevskaya. Photo 1863
“My stenographer, Anna Grigorievna Snitkina, was a young and rather handsome girl, 20 years old, of a good family, who had excellently completed her gymnasium course, with an extremely kind and clear character ... At the end of the novel The Gambler, I noticed that she sincerely loves me, although she never she didn’t say a word to me about it, but I liked her more and more ... I invited her to marry me. She agreed, and now we are married ... I am more and more convinced that she will be happy. She has a heart, and she knows how to love” F.M. Dostoevsky - A.P. Suslova. April 23, 1867 A.G. Dostoevskaya. Dresden. Photo 1867–1871.
Anna Grigorievna Snitkina gave birth to children of the great writer and survived Dostoevsky for many years - when he died, she was only 35. In 1868, a daughter, Sophia, was born, whose sudden death (May of that year) Dostoevsky was very worried. In September 1869, a daughter, Lyubov, was born; later son Fedor; in 1875 - son Alexei, who died at the age of three from a fit of epilepsy. SON FEDOR AND DAUGHTER LOVE A. G. Dostoevskaya and the writer's children: Fedya and Lyuba
Dresden A trip abroad - 1867-1871 Isolation from Russia is increasingly tormenting the writer. “Abroad, I will really lag behind - not from the century, not from the knowledge of what is being done here ... - but I will lag behind the living stream of life; not from an idea, but from its flesh - and this, wow, how it affects the work of art, ”dostoevsky wrote to A Maikov
In old Russa, in an old Russian house, Dostoevsky lived in the summer of 1872. In the summer of 1875 he worked here on the novel The Teenager. The best chapters of The Brothers Karamazov and Speech on Pushkin were created in the office on the second floor. The house is described in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" as the house of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov.
Fedor Mikhailovich knew Petersburg well. He lived in it for many years, changing 20 apartments in the period from 1842 to 1881. House on Vladimirskaya street
The main works of 1845 - the story "Poor People" 1861 - "Notes from the House of the Dead" 1861 - the novel "The Humiliated and Insulted" 1866 - the novel "Crime and Punishment" 1868 - the novel "Idiot" 1872 - the novel "Demons" 1875 - Novel " Teenager" 1876 - "A Writer's Diary" 1878-1880 - novel "The Brothers Karamazov"
IN THE LAST YEARS OF LIFE, DOSTOYEVSKY'S POPULARITY IS INCREASING. IN 1877 HE WAS ELECTED A CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE PETERSBURG AN. IN MAY 1879 THE WRITER WAS INVITED TO THE INTERNATIONAL LITERARY CONGRESS IN LONDON, AT THE SESSION OF WHICH HE WAS ELECTED A MEMBER OF THE HONORARY COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LITERARY ASSOCIATION. DOSTOYEVSKY ACTIVELY PARTICIPATES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PETERSBURG FREBEL SOCIETY. FREQUENTLY PERFORMS AT LITERARY AND MUSICAL EVENINGS AND MATTES READING EXTRACTS FROM HIS WORKS AND PUSHKIN'S POEMS.
THE LAST MAJOR EVENTS IN DOSTOYEVSKY'S LIFE AND WORKS WAS HIS FAMOUS SPEECH AT THE OPENING OF THE MONUMENT TO AS PUSHKIN IN MOSCOW. THIS SPEECH MADE A REAL FUOROR; THIS WAS UNDISPUTED THE BEST PERFORMANCE THAT EVENING.
As early as the end of 1879, doctors examining Dostoevsky noted that he had a progressive lung disease. He was advised to avoid physical exertion and be wary of mental unrest. But the writer, trying to pick up the fallen pen, touched a heavy bookcase, which caused bleeding from his throat. This led to a sharp exacerbation of the disease. On the morning of January 28, Dostoevsky said to his wife: "... I know, I must die today!" At 8:38 pm on the same day, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky died. Thousands of people came to say goodbye to the great writer. At the funeral, young people tried to carry shackles to Dostoevsky's grave, as if he had suffered for political convictions.
The coffin was accompanied by 25 thousand people. Dostoevsky was buried at the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg
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Man is a mystery. It must be unraveled, and if you will unravel it all your life, then do not say that you have wasted time; I am engaged in this mystery, because I want to be a man. F. M. Dostoevsky
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Participants: students of grades 5-11, head. library, teachers of literature, hands. museum. The purpose of the event: to expand the ideas of schoolchildren about the life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky. Tasks: formation of public speaking skills; development of skills of expressive reading of prose, enrichment of the emotional sphere of students. Equipment: exhibition of works by F.M. Dostoevsky, abstract works of students devoted to the writer's work, books devoted to the study of the Kuznetsk period of F.M. Dostoevsky (M.M. Kushnikov "Mysteries of the province", A.S. Shadrin "22 days in the life of F.M. Dostoevsky"), presentation "The life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky".
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Events dedicated to the 190th anniversary of F.M. Dostoevsky
November 11 and 12, 2011 in the Literary and Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky (Novokuznetsk) a museum action "Dostoevsky Night" was held, dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the writer's birth. Museum visitors took part in the mini-performance "Kuznetsk Days", which tells about Dostoevsky's stay in Kuznetsk in the middle of the 19th century. The complex, dramatic history of F.M. Dostoevsky and M.D. Isaeva did not leave anyone indifferent.
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Presentation of the site “F.M. Dostoevsky and Kuznetsk” November 8 in the conference hall of the Library. N.V. Gogol, a presentation of this network information and bibliographic resource "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and Kuznetsk" was held, which is part of the official website of the Central Library Library. N.V. Gogol, Novokuznetsk. The event is dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The site "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and Kuznetsk" can serve as a kind of source study base for the development of scientific research on the topics "Dostoevsky and Isaeva", "Dostoevsky and Kuznetsk". Texts published since 1903 are presented in fragments. http://dostoevsky.gogolevka.ru/
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F. M. Dostoevsky: life and work
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born on October 30 (November 11), 1821 in Moscow. He was the second of 7 children. Father, Mikhail Andreevich, worked as a doctor at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. He was a strict and cruel man, he loved order. Mother, Maria Fedorovna, on the contrary, was very soft-hearted and kind.
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1838-1843 - studied at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School, after graduating from which he entered the drawing room of the engineering department. 1844 - retired and engaged in literary activities
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1846 - the first story, "Poor people". In other works of the 40s. - "Double" (1846), "White Nights" (1848), "Netochka Nezvanova" (1849) - the theme of the psychological duality of a person arises, which is also characteristic of the late period of creativity. "Poor people" Makar Devushkin.
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1847 - becomes a member of the revolutionary circle of M.V. Petrashevsky, is fond of the ideas of utopian socialism. 1849 - along with other Petrashevites, he was arrested and sentenced to death, which was then replaced by 4 years of hard labor. 1850-54 - after serving his sentence in the Omsk hard labor prison, he was enrolled as a private in the Siberian linear regiment in Semipalatinsk.
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1856, November - Dostoevsky makes an official proposal to M. D. Isaeva and receives her consent to marriage. 1857 - Dostoevsky marries M.D. Isaeva in Kuznetsk. Dostoevsky's hereditary nobility was returned to Dostoevsky by the highest decree of the Governing Senate. This gives him the opportunity to publish his works. M.D. Isaeva
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Free life
1858 - submits a letter of resignation. Dostoevsky chooses Tver as his place of residence. 1859 - returned to St. Petersburg and resumed literary activity. He published the novels "Uncle's Dream" (1859), "The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitants" (1859), the novels "Humiliated and Insulted" (1861) and "Notes from the House of the Dead" (1861-62). In the journals Vremya (1861-63) and Epoch (1864-65), the essays Winter Notes on Summer Impressions (1863) and the story Notes from the Underground (1864) were published.
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"Moron". Prince Myshkin 1860-70 - created the largest novels - "Crime and Punishment" (1866), "Idiot" (1868). 1866 - the novel "Crime and Punishment" begins to be published in the journal "Russian Messenger". Publication continues throughout the year. 1867 - the wedding of Dostoevsky and A.G. Snitkina. 1873 - Dostoevsky is elected a member of the Slavic Charitable Committee
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Death of the genius of Russian literature
1881, January 28 (February 9) - Dostoevsky died in St. Petersburg. Obituary published by "New Time": "Not only the writer died, the teacher died, the noble man died."
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Literary and Memorial Museum of Dostoevsky in Novokuznetsk
Museum of F.M. Dostoevsky - the only literary museum in the south of Kuzbass, which has thematic collections "Dostoevsky in Kuznetsk", "Life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky", "Literary local history of Kuzbass". Since 1974, the memorial house of F.M. Dostoevsky in Kuznetsk is recognized as a monument of history and culture of republican (all-Russian) significance. In 1996, the museum opened a permanent exposition "Dostoevsky in Kuznetsk", built on the principles of the plot-figurative method. A. Fomchenko. "Memories of the Kuznetsk wedding". From the museum exposition.
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We read Dostoevsky "The Boy at Christ on the Christmas Tree" (1876)
The story was published in 1876. In his story, Dostoevsky intended to tell his readers "something about children in general, about children with fathers, about children without fathers in particular, about children on Christmas trees, without Christmas trees, about criminal children ...". The theme of the story is compassion for children.
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"Netochka Nezvanova" (1848)
The writer depicts the life of a little girl from eight to sixteen years old. Dostoevsky does not spare his heroes: dirty attics and huge rich mansions are filled with people with various destinies, intertwined in a pattern in which one can discern the tragedy of each person. Only two little girls who still have everything ahead give hope to the reader. But the novel is not over and we will never know how their lives turned out.
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"White Nights" (1848)
The plot of the story "looks like a fairy tale and in no way resembles anything similar to reality." Sentimental novel - "one of the most poetic" in Russian literature, "original in thought and completely elegant in execution" E. V. Tur
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"Crime and Punishment" (1866)
The plot revolves around the main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, in whose head the theory of crime is ripening. According to his idea (Raskolnikov's Theory), humanity is divided into "the right to have" and "trembling creatures." The novel reveals the social and psychological causes of crimes, disasters and moral contradictions. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov is trying to understand whether he is a worthy person, whether he has the right to judge other people.
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Quiz
The future writer was born in Moscow, but where did he die and what city did he consider “rotten”, “slippery”, “fantastic”, “intentional”, “abstract”? What work of F.M. Dostoevsky was published in N.A. Nekrasov’s “Petersburg Collection”? What circle did Dostoevsky become a member of in 1848? Where did Dostoevsky serve his penal servitude? In 1857 Dostoevsky came to Kuznetsk (now Novokuznetsk). State the purpose of the trip. What "talking" surnames does Dostoevsky choose for his characters? Which cities have museums of F. M. Dostoevsky?
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Used literature and sources
Electronic resources: Encyclopedia Wikipedia http://ru.wikipedia.org Information resource “F.M. Dostoevsky and Kuznetsk” http://dostoevsky.gogolevka.ru Novokuznetsk Literary Memorial Museum of Dostoevsky http://museum.housegod.ru Information Portal of Russian School Libraries http://www.rusla.ru/rsba/