Great Victories of the Russian spirit. Artist Pavel Korin

Arina LAZAREVA

Alexander Nevskiy

1942-1943. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

On the work of P.D. Korina was largely influenced by the Great Patriotic War. During these years, Korin, like many other leading figures in science and art, continued to work, trying to raise the patriotic spirit of the people. Leading in his work were historical subjects - the moments of glory of Russian weapons. His most famous work of the war years is the Alexander Nevsky triptych, commissioned by the Committee for the Arts. Korin began working on the work in 1942.
The three parts of the picture are united by the main storyline - this is preparation for the fight against foreign invaders. On the left side of the triptych, which is called the "Northern Ballad", a Russian warrior-hero from the people is depicted, who is escorted to war by a woman - a mother, wife or sister. On the right side, Korin played with an epic motif - this part was called "An Old Tale" and leads the viewer to thoughts about the rich history and culture of the Russian people.
The central picture of the triptych depicts Alexander Nevsky, the Russian prince, canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1549 for his contribution to the defense of Russian lands from enemies. Alexander Nevsky during the years of his reign won a number of striking victories over the Swedish and German armies. During the Great Patriotic War, the topic of the struggle of Ancient Russia with the Germans was the most relevant, and the Russian victories over them were elevated to the rank of national achievements. The heroism of Alexander Nevsky could serve as an example for the Soviet people. The prince became famous for his ingenuity, inventiveness and courage in the battle on the Neva in 1240 with the Swedes and Germans and in 1242 in the famous battle with the knights of the Livonian Order on Lake Peipus. In the Battle of the Neva, Alexander defeated the numerically superior enemy with the help of military art, inflicting an unexpected blow on the enemy.
In 1240, the Germans attacked the Pskov region, and the Swedes, prompted by the pope, moved to Novgorod under the leadership of the royal son-in-law Birger. Confident of victory, Birger sent Alexander a declaration of war, proud and arrogant: "If you can, resist, know that I am already here and will captivate your land." Novgorod was left to itself. Russia, defeated by the Tatars, could not provide any support to the city. With a small squad of Novgorodians and Ladoga residents, Alexander attacked the Swedes on the night of July 15, 1240, taking them by surprise when they stopped at the mouth of the Izhora on the Neva to rest, and completely defeated them. The Swedes did not expect such a powerful rebuff from the Russians, who completely demoralized the enemy with their sudden attack. Fighting in the forefront himself, Alexander "put a seal on the forehead of the unfaithful thief [Birger] with the edge of the sword." The victory in this battle gave him the nickname Nevsky and, in the eyes of his contemporaries, immediately put him on a pedestal of great glory. The impression of the victory was all the stronger because it took place in a difficult period, marked by great troubles and hardships for the rest of Russia.

Interior of the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin. 1936. Museum-apartment of P. D. Korin, branch of the State Tretyakov Gallery

The military genius of Alexander Nevsky also manifested itself in the Battle of Lake Peipus on April 5, 1242. The armies of the Livonian Order methodically advanced deep into the Russian lands, the German governors were in Pskov and threatened the freedom of Novgorod. By calling on Alexander, who had expelled the Germans from Pskov and from nearby lands, the Novgorodians saved their freedom. Before the battle, Prince Alexander ordered his warriors to remove their iron armor. With a cunning maneuver (the enemy was passed through the Russian barrier), the enemy soldiers clad in iron were lured onto the ice. According to the Novgorod chronicle, the Russians drove the Germans across the ice for seven miles, 400-500 knights fell and up to 50 were taken prisoner; according to the Livonian chronicle, the losses of the order amounted to 20 killed and 6 captured.
While working on the triptych, the artist consulted with historians, employees of the Historical Museum, where he painted chain mail, armor, a helmet from life - all the equipment of the protagonist, whose image he recreated on the canvas in just three weeks. In the painting by Korin, Alexander Nevsky is presented as a purposeful warrior preparing for battle. He stands on the border of Russian lands and vigilantly watches where the enemy will appear from. Alexander leans on a large sword, and a banner with the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands flutters behind him. The color scheme used by the artist is designed in black, red and light colors. This reinforces the impression of strictness, restraint, purposefulness and heroism produced by the image of the prince. The entire central part of the triptych seems to illustrate the famous phrase attributed by the chronicler to Alexander Nevsky: "Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword." The general appearance of the prince is formidable. This is a real Russian hero-defender who will not give offense to his land.
Behind Alexander Nevsky, Korin depicted the vast Russian lands. The broad-shouldered warrior in armor personifies all the power of Russian weapons, the courage and courage of the Russian people, who are ready to fight to the last drop of blood for their freedom and independence, for their ideals. Largely due to the skill of the artist, the prince remained in the memory of Russians as an unbending warrior and national hero.

Preparing students for writing an essay in the genre of a portrait essay

Composition - portrait essay

Prepare students for writing an essay in the genre of a portrait essay;
to give an idea of the composition and structure of the portrait essay, its language features;
repeat information about the journalistic style;
create a cultural background of the lesson through the use of special language material, paintings (paintings by P. D. Korin),
develop the ability to read the symbols of the picture, draw historical parallels, be aware of the roll call of different historical eras and be able to express their opinion about it through words;
advise specific background, outdated vocabulary necessary to describe a portrait (prince, iconography, sword, chain mail, shell, etc.);
to orient students to the use of the studied constructions (a simple sentence with homogeneous, isolated, clarifying members) in the text of the essay.

reproduction of the painting by P. D. Korin "Alexander Nevsky";
a fragment of an art history text (portrait essay genre) by G. Kushnerovskaya (handout).

During the classes

Introduction by the teacher.

Essay preparation lesson we will start the quiz.

Who is Alexander Nevsky? (Famous Russianprince who became famous in battles with the Swedes and Germans)

Why was Alexander named Nevsky? (For victory overSwedes on the Neva)

What event in history was called the "battle on the ice"? -

What happened in our country in 1942?

essay.

Story about the artist

Pavel Dmitrievich Korin is a hereditary icon painter. From childhood, he learned to paint icons, graduated from the Palekh school of painting, worked in Moscow in the icon-painting chamber of the Donskoy Monastery. Then he again went to study, now at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. During this period, his artistic interests were determined: he actively works in the portrait genre. In the portrait gallery created by the artist, there are many outstanding figures of Russian culture: writer A. N. Tolstoy, sculptor S. T. Konenkov, masters of painting M. V. Nesterov, M. S. Saryan, a group portrait of "Kukryniksy" (M. V Kupriyanov, P. N. Krylov, N. A. Sokolov).

The portrait of Alexander Nevsky stands apart in this row. This is a symbolic portrait of the prince-hero who defeated the Livonian knights in 1242. After 700 years, in 1942, during the days of the struggle against the Nazi invaders, Pavel Dmitrievich Korin creates a work depicting Alexander Nevsky.

The fact is that in the face of a formidable enemy, people look at the past of their country in a special way. The pages of history are being rethought, distant events are being turned to as if for support: after all, it was difficult before, how did you survive? On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the famous director S. Eisenstein staged the feature film "Alexander Nevsky", and already during the war, in 1942, the orders of Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov, Kutuzov were approved. It was as if the great commanders of the past were getting back into the ranks in order to help the Motherland defeat the enemy in difficult times.

Later, Pavel Dmitrievich Korin himself recalled: “I wrote to Nevsky during the war years, trying to reflect the rebellious, proud spirit of the people, who rose to their full gigantic stature.”

It was difficult to write. The armory has been evacuated. And the artist had to paint helmets, swords... In the historical museum, he finds a copy of the helmet of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the father of Alexander Nevsky, and writes a small sketch. He draws fragments of chain mail, observes how its links are connected, what is the design of the shell of an ancient Russian warrior.

Let's take a look at this painting.

Painting conversation

this picture?

Describe the character's face. Why does it attract attention? (We see a manly face with regular hard features. His expression is severe. We understand that before us is a man ready for a difficult battle: his lips are tightly compressed, his eyebrows are shifted. There is no fear in the eyes, but there is determination to go to end.

What details of clothing emphasize that we have a warrior in front of us? (The prince is wearing metal chain mail, heavyth pancir, armor. Arms and legs are protected by metal armor. On the head- helmet, in the hands - a huge heavysword. A purple cloak falls heavily from his shoulders. Exactlywarriors dressed in Russia.)

Depicting the prince, the artist strove for a reliable transfer of details. However, in the hands of the prince there is only a heavy cast sword, but there is no other necessary attribute - a shield. Why do you think? ("Perhapsmu that the shield is designed to defend itself.Alexander Nevsky is preparing not to defend, the SA to defendtheir land, their people. I think thatprince - a symbol of the shield, a person who must protectdefend your homeland.")

What does the posture of the commander tell us? (He firmlyit on its own land and will not give up a single inch of it. He's readyprotect this land, because that's how it becomesa man who wants to protect someone. His legs are spread. Hands grip the sword tightly. His posture speaks ofspiritual and physical strength of this person, his confidenceyou in yourself and the upcoming victory.)

On the right in the picture we see a banner with the image of the Savior - the Savior, Christ. This flag is unusual. How is it shown? (The background of the banner is unusual - black. In the pricethree banner - the image of the Savior. Unusual expressionhis eyes, they are somehow sparkling, angry)

What is the hero of the picture ready to defend? (He is ready to defend the Russian land: its vast sky, churches, rivers, forests, hills - everything that wewe see paintings behind him.)

Art history text (genre nopmpem foot essay)

Read the passage.

The image of Nevsky in the triptych has the meaning of a historical symbol. Nevsky stands above the Volkhov, as if on the edge of the earth, towering over the ancient cathedral, over the forest of the far shore. He stands with both hands clutching the hilt of his sword, ready to fight to the end. The wind drives thunderclouds, flutters the banner and the purple cloak on the shoulders of the prince. In this image, as if forged from steel from head to toe, there is determination and fearlessness, and conviction in victory. The chronicler wrote about such people: “Behold, the people are winged!” And you believe, thanks to such Russia, Russia was forever unconquered, independent.

“I wanted,” Pavel Dmitrievich said, “to convey the character of a Russian person, to embody that spirit of courage, which is an integral feature of the nation, which prompted the people of Russia to fight to the death in battles, go forward, look for new lands, ways in science, create new songs. .."

And "Alexander Nevsky" by Korina is a hymn to a man who has fulfilled his duty, beautiful with the power of conviction and the posture of noble independence.

Text conversation

What is the topic of the essay?

- What is the composition of the essay? (the image of Nevsky is a historical symbol; to convey the character of a Russian person through the image of Nevsky; the image is a hymn to a warrior and a winner).

- What style is the essay written in?

- What type of speech is predominantly used in the essay?

Are there elements of other types of speech?

Work on the text of the essay

You will be required to write an essay
genre - a portrait essay, similar to the one we have just analyzed. Similar - similar, similar, but this does not mean that you should
repeat what we have seen in this essay. Each person who looks at the picture sees something of his own, he has his own thoughts that are different from others, he uses his speech means.

Features of a portrait essay
Essay topic	The person in the painting
The basic idea
Mosaic composition (comprises individual fragments, subordinates	External portrait (description of facial features, figures, showing through the appearance of the inner world of the hero: feelings, thoughts, moods); Own position and assessment, attitude towards the hero and the picture as a whole.
	journalistic
Leading type of speech	Reasoning (proof or reflection) with elements of narrative and description.

show the image of Alexander Nevsky, captured in the picture,express your opinion)

What can essay composition include?

Is the order of presentation that you named according to the table obligatory?

Make a prediction about the stylistic orientation of your essay.

What type of speech will prevail? (Reasoning)

Will there be elements of other types of speech in the essay? (There will definitely be elementsonhero's vision; elements of the narrative interspersed in the essay are possible: information about the hero of the picture, about the author.)

And the last important note. An essay always attracts attention when it is given some bright, haunting title. Think about what heading options you would suggest for your essay essay?

Download:

Preview:

Composition - portrait essay

based on the painting by P.A. Korin "Alexander Nevsky"

Goals:

Prepare students for writing an essay in the genre of a portrait essay;

to give an idea of the composition and structure of the portrait essay, its language features;

repeat information about the journalistic style;

create a cultural background of the lesson through the use of special language material, paintings (paintings by P. D. Korin),

advise specific background, outdated vocabulary necessary to describe a portrait (prince, iconography, sword, chain mail, shell, etc.);

to orient students to the use of the studied constructions (a simple sentence with homogeneous, isolated, clarifying members) in the text of the essay.

Cultural background of the lesson (equipment):

reproduction of the painting by P. D. Korin "Alexander Nevsky";

a fragment of an art history text (portrait essay genre) by G. Kushnerovskaya (handout).

During the classes

Introduction by the teacher.

Essay preparation lesson we will start the quiz.

Who is Alexander Nevsky?(A famous Russian prince who became famous in battles with the Swedes and Germans)

Why was Alexander named Nevsky?(For the victory over the Swedes on the Neva)

What event in history was called the "battle on the ice"?(The knights of the Teutonic Order took the Russian cities of Izborsk and Pskov and intended to go to Novgorod. One of the largest battles of the Middle Ages unfolded on Lake Peipsi- "Battle on the Ice". The army commanded by Alexander Nevsky defeated the German knights; this event took place in 1242.)

What happened in our country in 1942?(At that time, the Great Patriotic War was going on.)

Between the events that we remembered lies
a temporary gap of 700 years, and, nevertheless, these events turned out to be closely connected with each other in the minds of the famous Russian artist Pavel Dmitrievich Korin, according to whose picture we will write
essay.

Story about the artist

Pavel Dmitrievich Korin is a hereditary icon painter. From childhood, he learned to paint icons, graduated from the Palekh school of painting, worked in Moscow in the icon-painting chamber of the Donskoy Monastery. Then he again went to study, now at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. During this period, his artistic interests were determined: he actively works in the portrait genre. In the portrait gallery created by the artist, there are many prominent figures of Russian culture: writer A. N. Tolstoy, sculptor S. T. Konenkov, masters of painting M. V. Nesterov, M. S. Saryan, group portrait"Kukryniksy" (M. V. Kupriyanov, P. N. Krylov N. A. Sokolov).

Later, Pavel Dmitrievich Korin himself recalled: “I wrote to Nevsky during the war years, trying to reflect the rebellious, proud spirit of the people, who rose to their full gigantic stature.”

Let's take a look at this painting.

Painting conversation

What do you immediately notice when you look at
this picture?(On the huge figure of Alexander Nevsky.)

How did the artist portray Alexander Nevsky? ( He depicted in full growth, occupies almost the entire picture.)

Describe the character's face. Why does it attract attention?(We see a courageous face with regular hard features. His expression is stern. We understand that we have a man ready for a difficult battle: his lips are tightly compressed, his eyebrows are shifted. There is no fear in his eyes, but there is a determination to go to end. He looks into the distance, to where the hordes of the enemy are probably coming from.)

What details of clothing emphasize that we have a warrior in front of us?(The prince is wearing metal chain mail, a heavy shell, armor. Arms and legs are protected by metal armor. On the head- helmet, in the hands - a huge heavy sword. A purple cloak falls heavily from his shoulders. This is how warriors dressed in Russia.)

Depicting the prince, the artist strove for a reliable transfer of details. However, in the hands of the prince there is only a heavy cast sword, but there is no other necessary attribute - a shield. Why do you think?(“Maybe because the shield is designed to defend itself. Alexander Nevsky is preparing not to defend himself, the SA to defend his land, his people. It seems to me that the prince is a symbol of the shield, a person who must defend his homeland.”)

What does the posture of the commander tell us?(He stands firmly on his land and will not give up a single inch of it. He is ready to defend this land, because this is how a person who wants to protect someone becomes. His legs are spread. His hands tightly grip the sword. His posture speaks of spiritual and physical strength this person, his self-confidence and the upcoming victory.)

On the right in the picture we see a banner with the image of the Savior - the Savior, Christ. This flag is unusual. How is it shown?(The background of the banner is unusual - black. In the center of the banner is the image of the Savior. The expression of his eyes is unusual, they are somehow sparkling, angry)

What is the hero of the picture ready to defend?(He is ready to defend the Russian land: its huge sky, churches, rivers, forests, hills - everything that we see behind him in the background of the picture.)

Artistic text (genre of nopmpem essay)

Read the passage.

And "Alexander Nevsky" by Korina is a hymn to a man who has fulfilled his duty, beautiful with the power of conviction and the posture of noble independence.

Text conversation

What is the topic of the essay?(Personality of Alexander Nevsky)

- What style is the essay written in?(The purpose of the text is to influence listeners and readers by expressing their opinion to prove that this image is a historical symbol. The main form of style implementation is the author’s monologue. The text contains professional words (image, triptych) and outdated vocabulary, which is necessary to correctly name items of clothing, weapons of that distant era (sword, scabbard, banner, prince ...), uniforms (because these are people ...).

- What type of speech is predominantly used in the essay?(Reasoning. The text contains a thesis, evidence, conclusion.)

Are there elements of other types of speech?(There are elements of the description of the image of Nevsky in the picture, as well as elements of the narrative that are introduced with the help of direct speech by the chroniclers.)

Work on the text of the essay

Mosaic

composition

(comprises

individual

fragments,

subordinates

general

intention)

External portrait (description of facial features, figure, showing through the appearance of the hero’s inner world: feelings, thoughts, moods);

Behavioral portrait (description of posture, gaze, gestures, facial expressions);

Speech portrait (a person's speech as a means of revealing his character, thoughts, emotional state)

Elements of a person's biography (what he did, when);

Elements of characterization of a person by contemporaries, close people, historians, etc.;

Own position and assessment, attitude towards the hero and the picture as a whole.

And now let's try to apply the acquired knowledge to a specific topic of our essay. What will be the theme and main idea of your essay? (show the image of Alexander Nevsky captured in the picture, express your assessment)

What can essay composition include?(description of the appearance of Alexander Nevsky, his eyes, the expression of his eyes, the internal tension of a person ready for battle, and through appearance - the inner world of the hero: his feelings, thoughts, mood ....)

Is the order of presentation that you named according to the table obligatory?(The portrait sketch is characterized by a mosaic composition.)

Make a prediction about the stylistic orientation of your essay.(The essay will be written in a journalistic style)

What type of speech will prevail?(Reasoning)

Will there be elements of other types of speech in the essay?(There will definitely be elements of the character’s description; elements of the narrative interspersed in the essay are possible: information about the hero of the picture, about the author.)

And the last important note. An essay always attracts attention when it is given some bright, haunting title. Think about what heading options you would suggest for your essay essay?(“Defender of the Russian land”, “Winner”, “Legendary hero of the Russian land.”)

Orally describe the central part of the triptych by P. Korin Alexander Nevskiy. What does the artist emphasize in the portrait of the hero?

Answer

The triptych was commissioned to the artist during the Great Patriotic War, when the theme of confronting the invader was central in art. The soldiers going to the front were inspired by him. The rear, providing the soldiers with food, weapons and clothing, also found solace in him.

"Alexander Nevsky" was written under reports from the front, under the roar of anti-aircraft guns, under the bright light of searchlights cutting the sky. It was intended to evoke uplift and inspiration in the souls of the audience, the confidence that the enemy can be defeated, no matter how terrible he may seem, and no matter how countless his hordes were.

On the left and right sides of the triptych, the soldiers are going to war. They are escorted by women - an old mother leaning on a stick, a wife holding a small child in her arms. It is worth fighting for them, for the sake of life continuing, the child grows up, the mother was able to live out her life in peace and quiet, and not in all-consuming fear for her son. The land itself, its river, the village, the little church also needs protection, and is also going to wait for its sons.

In the middle, the image of a warrior develops naturally. Alexander Nevsky - the man who stopped the German knights, like no one else could inspire the defenders of the country to fight the fascist invaders. In his figure there is something monumental, the memory of the ancient heroes, and at the same time - icon-painting severity, a banner with the face of Christ, reminiscent of the holiness of the Russian land. He stands leaning on a sword, a banner is drunk behind his back and a cloak flutters in the wind, and, fully dressed in armor, he waits for those who need to fight to come. They will come and die by the sword with which they came.

And behind him is a defenseless, dear, beloved land. A white-walled city on the river, a cloudy, frowning sky, ready, it seems, to cry. You have to fight for them, for the children and mothers left in the city. And it is impossible not to win - just as Alexander could not help but win in his time.

(19 )

The history of the creation of the painting "Alexander Nevsky".

The painting "Alexander Nevsky" was painted by the artist Pavel Dmitrievich Korin in 1942-1943, during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. It was a time when the Russian people fought the German invaders and, more than ever, needed spiritual support and support. As conceived by the artist, it was such a picture that could instill in people a sense of patriotism and confidence in victory.

Alexander Nevsky is a commander, the Grand Duke, who in the thirteenth century defended Russia more than once from numerous external enemies. It is a symbol of valor and bravery. It was not by chance that such a historical figure was chosen by the artist in order to achieve the strongest impact on the audience.

Description of the painting "Alexander Nevsky".

The figure of Alexander Nevsky occupies the entire space of the picture. The mighty prince stands with his legs wide apart and clutching his sword. He is unshakable and unshakable. It seems that no forces can break him. Alexander's face is as if carved from stone: calm and firm. His gaze is direct and confident. He seems to be saying: “Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.

The artist depicted Alexander Nevsky in the armor of a knight. A helmet is on his head, a sword is in his hands, a red cloak flutters behind his back. The great warrior stands guard over the tranquility and peace of his homeland, and no enemies can defeat him.

The picture is filled with patriotism and the artist's pride for his country, its glorious past and heroic present. The canvas inspires confidence that the Russian people will be able to defend their independence and the right to a happy future on their own land.

“... Stately and strong in body, Honest and quick in mind - Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Stood up for power with food. He ascended the throne weak, He stood with a knight's foot. He swore to drive away the adversaries, And give peace to the Motherland ... "An excerpt from the poem" Alexander Nevsky "Vladimir Phoenix

According to the results of a large-scale poll of Russians on December 28, 2008, Alexander Nevsky was chosen as "the name of Russia." However, in historical science there is no single assessment of the activities of Alexander Nevsky, the views of historians on his personality are different, sometimes directly opposite. For centuries it was believed that Alexander Nevsky played an exceptional role in Russian history during that dramatic period when Russia was attacked from three sides, he was seen as the founder of the line of Moscow sovereigns and the great patron of the Orthodox Church. So what is the merit of Alexander Nevsky? Does Russia rightly bear his name?

Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky Prince of Novgorod in, and (), Grand Duke of Kyiv (), Grand Duke of Vladimir (), the famous Russian commander. The second son of the Pereyaslavl prince (later the Grand Duke of Kyiv and Vladimir) Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and Rostislava (Feodosia) Mstislavna, Princess Toropetskaya, was born in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky in May 1221.

In 1230, when the Novgorod Republic called for Prince Yaroslav, he, having spent two weeks in Novgorod, put Fyodor and Alexander to reign, but three years later, at the age of thirteen, Fyodor died. In 1234, Alexander's first campaign against Derpt took place, which since 1223 was in the hands of the Livonians, and a victory was won on the Omovzha River. In 1236, Yaroslav left Pereyaslavl-Zalessky to reign in Kyiv (from there in 1238 to Vladimir). Since that time, Alexander's independent activity begins. In 1239, Yaroslav, after the end of the war with the Lithuanians for Smolensk, married Alexander to the daughter of Bryachislav of Polotsk. The wedding took place in Toropets in the church of St. George. Already in 1240, the first-born prince, named Vasily, was born in Novgorod.

In 1240, the Germans approached Pskov, and the Swedes moved to Novgorod, according to Russian sources, under the leadership of the ruler of the country himself, the royal son-in-law of Jarl Birger. Map

With a relatively small squad of Novgorodians and Ladoga, Alexander on the night of July 15, 1240 by surprise attacked the Swedes of Birger, when they stopped at the mouth of the Izhora, on the Neva, and inflicted a complete defeat on them. And he himself, fighting in the forefront, "put a seal on the forehead of the unfaithful thief (Birger) with the tip of a spear." The victory in this battle demonstrated Alexander's talent and strength. Mouth of Izhora

Nevertheless, the Novgorodians, always jealous of their liberties, in the same year managed to quarrel with Alexander, and he retired to his father, who gave him the principality of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Meanwhile, the Livonian Germans were advancing on Novgorod. The knights laid siege to Pskov and soon took it, taking advantage of the betrayal among the besieged. Novgorodians turned to Yaroslav for a prince; he gave them his second son Andrei. This did not satisfy them. They sent a second embassy to ask Alexander. In 1241, Alexander appeared in Novgorod and cleared his region of enemies, and the following year, together with Andrei, he moved to the aid of Pskov. Having liberated the city, Alexander went to the Chudsky land, to the possession of the order. Memorial stone on the beach

On April 5, 1242, a battle took place on the border with the Livonian Order, on Lake Peipus. This battle is known as the Battle of the Ice. The exact course of the battle is unknown, but, according to the Livonian chronicles, the order knights were surrounded during the battle. According to the Novgorod chronicle, the Russians pursued the Germans for 7 miles across the ice. In 1245, the Lithuanian army, led by Prince Mindovg, attacked the Novgorod lands. Alexander immediately rushed to the invaders. The Lithuanians, having learned about this, began to retreat with the loot from the possessions of Alexander, but he overtook them and defeated them in the battle near Lake Zhiztsa. According to the chronicler, the Lithuanians fell into such fear that they began to "observe his name." The six-year victorious defense of northern Russia by Alexander led to the fact that the Germans, under a peace treaty, abandoned all recent conquests and ceded part of Latgale to the Novgorodians. On April 5, 1242, a battle took place on the border with the Livonian Order, on Lake Peipus. This battle is known as the Battle of the Ice. The exact course of the battle is unknown, but, according to the Livonian chronicles, the order knights were surrounded during the battle. According to the Novgorod chronicle, the Russians pursued the Germans for 7 miles across the ice. In 1245, the Lithuanian army, led by Prince Mindovg, attacked the Novgorod lands. Alexander immediately rushed to the invaders. The Lithuanians, having learned about this, began to retreat with the loot from the possessions of Alexander, but he overtook them and defeated them in the battle near Lake Zhiztsa. According to the chronicler, the Lithuanians fell into such fear that they began to "observe his name." The six-year victorious defense of northern Russia by Alexander led to the fact that the Germans, under a peace treaty, abandoned all recent conquests and ceded part of Latgale to the Novgorodians.

After the death of his father, in 1247 Alexander went to the Horde to Batu. From there, following his brother Andrei, who had previously left, he went to the great khan in Mongolia. Batu planned to give the great reign of Vladimir to Alexander, but according to Yaroslav's will, Andrei was to become the prince of Vladimir, and Alexander of Novgorod and Kyiv. As a result, the rulers of the Mongol Empire, despite the death of Guyuk during the campaign against Batu in 1248, implemented the second option. Alexander received Kyiv and "All the Russian land." Heinrich Semiradsky. "Prince Alexander Nevsky receives papal legates".

In 1253, shortly after the beginning of the great reign of Alexander, his eldest son Vasily with the Novgorodians was forced to repel the Lithuanians from Toropets, in the same year the Pskovians repulsed the Teutonic invasion, then, together with the Novgorodians and Karelians, invaded the Baltic states and defeated the Teutons on their land, after of which peace was concluded with all the will of Novgorod and Pskov Saint Alexander Nevsky. Fresco 1666 Fresco 1666

In 1255, the Novgorodians expelled their eldest son Alexander Vasily from themselves and called Yaroslav Yaroslavich from Pskov. Nevsky, on the other hand, forced them to accept Vasily again, and the posadnik Anania, who was objectionable to him, an advocate of Novgorod liberty, was replaced by the obliging Mikhalka Stepanich Icon of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky

In 1262, in Vladimir, Suzdal, Rostov, Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl and other cities, the Tatar tax-farmers were killed, and the Sarai Khan Berke demanded a military recruitment among the inhabitants of Russia, since his possessions were threatened by the Iranian ruler Hulagu. Alexander Nevsky went to the Horde to try to dissuade the Khan from this demand. Alexander fell ill there. Already being sick, he went to Russia. On November 14, 1263, he died in Gorodets (there are 2 versions in Volga Gorodets or Meshchersky Gorodets). Metropolitan Kirill announced to the people in Vladimir about his death with the words: “My dear child, understand that the sun of the Russian land will set,” and everyone exclaimed with tears: “We are already perishing.” In 1262, in Vladimir, Suzdal, Rostov, Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl and other cities, the Tatar tax-farmers were killed, and the Sarai Khan Berke demanded a military recruitment among the inhabitants of Russia, since his possessions were threatened by the Iranian ruler Hulagu. Alexander Nevsky went to the Horde to try to dissuade the Khan from this demand. Alexander fell ill there. Already being sick, he went to Russia. On November 14, 1263, he died in Gorodets (there are 2 versions in Volga Gorodets or Meshchersky Gorodets). Metropolitan Kirill announced to the people in Vladimir about his death with the words: “My dear child, understand that the sun of the Russian land will set,” and everyone exclaimed with tears: “We are already perishing.” G. Semiradsky. Death of Alexander Nevsky

Alexander became the beloved prince of the clergy. In the chronicle legend that has come down to us about his exploits, it is said that he was "born by God." Winning everywhere, he was not defeated by anyone. The knight, who came from the west to see Nevsky, said that he had traveled through many countries and peoples, but had never seen anything like this "neither in the tsars of the tsar, nor in the princes of the prince." The Khan Tatar himself allegedly gave the same opinion about him, and Tatar women frightened children with his name. Initially, Alexander Nevsky was buried in the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir. In 1724, by order of Peter I, the relics of Alexander Nevsky were solemnly transferred to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Alexander became the beloved prince of the clergy. In the chronicle legend that has come down to us about his exploits, it is said that he was "born by God." Winning everywhere, he was not defeated by anyone. The knight, who came from the west to see Nevsky, said that he had traveled through many countries and peoples, but had never seen anything like this "neither in the tsars of the tsar, nor in the princes of the prince." The Khan Tatar himself allegedly gave the same opinion about him, and Tatar women frightened children with his name. Initially, Alexander Nevsky was buried in the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir. In 1724, by order of Peter I, the relics of Alexander Nevsky were solemnly transferred to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery G. Semiradsky. Funeral of Alexander Nevsky

Streets, lanes, squares, etc. are named after Alexander Nevsky. Orthodox churches are dedicated to him, he is the heavenly patron of St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. In ancient Russian literature In ancient Russian literature Main article: "The Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky" A literary work written in the 13th century and known in many editions. Fiction Fiction Segen A. Yu. Alexander Nevsky. Sun of the Russian Earth. M.: ITRK, p. (Historical Novel Library) copy. ISBN Yugov A. K. Fighters. L.: Lenizdat, p. Subbotin A. A. For the Russian land. Moscow: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, p. Mosiyash S. Alexander Nevsky. L .: Children's literature, p. Streets, lanes, squares, etc. are named after Alexander Nevsky. Orthodox churches are dedicated to him, he is the heavenly patron of St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. In ancient Russian literature In ancient Russian literature Main article: "The Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky" A literary work written in the 13th century and known in many editions. Fiction Fiction Segen A. Yu. Alexander Nevsky. Sun of the Russian Earth. M.: ITRK, p. (Historical Novel Library) copy. ISBN Yugov A. K. Fighters. L.: Lenizdat, p. Subbotin A. A. For the Russian land. Moscow: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, p. Mosiyash S. Alexander Nevsky. L .: Children's literature, p.

Visual Arts Monument to Alexander Nevsky in Petrozavodsk Monument to Alexander Nevsky in Petrozavodsk Portrait of Alexander Nevsky (central part of the triptych, 1942) by Pavel Korin. Monument to Alexander Nevsky (equestrian sculpture) in St. Petersburg, opened on May 9, 2002 on Alexander Nevsky Square in front of the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Authors sculptors: V. G. Kozenyuk, A. A. Palmin, A. S. Charkin; architects: G. S. Peichev, V. V. Popov. Monument to Alexander Nevsky (equestrian sculpture) in St. Petersburg, opened on May 9, 2002 on Alexander Nevsky Square in front of the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Authors sculptors: V. G. Kozenyuk, A. A. Palmin, A. S. Charkin; architects: G. S. Peichev, V. V. Popov. Monument to Alexander Nevsky in the city of Petrozavodsk, opened on June 3, 2010 on Alexander Nevsky Avenue near the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Authors sculptors: VG Kozenyuk Monument to Alexander Nevsky in the city of Petrozavodsk, opened on June 3, 2010 on Alexander Nevsky Avenue near the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Authors sculptors: VG Kozenyuk Monument in Volgograd on the Square of the Fallen Fighters. Monument in Volgograd on the Square of the Fallen Fighters. Visual Arts Monument to Alexander Nevsky in Petrozavodsk Monument to Alexander Nevsky in Petrozavodsk Portrait of Alexander Nevsky (central part of the triptych, 1942) by Pavel Korin. Monument to Alexander Nevsky (equestrian sculpture) in St. Petersburg, opened on May 9, 2002 on Alexander Nevsky Square in front of the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Authors sculptors: V. G. Kozenyuk, A. A. Palmin, A. S. Charkin; architects: G. S. Peichev, V. V. Popov. Monument to Alexander Nevsky (equestrian sculpture) in St. Petersburg, opened on May 9, 2002 on Alexander Nevsky Square in front of the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Authors sculptors: V. G. Kozenyuk, A. A. Palmin, A. S. Charkin; architects: G. S. Peichev, V. V. Popov. Monument to Alexander Nevsky in the city of Petrozavodsk, opened on June 3, 2010 on Alexander Nevsky Avenue near the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Authors sculptors: VG Kozenyuk Monument to Alexander Nevsky in the city of Petrozavodsk, opened on June 3, 2010 on Alexander Nevsky Avenue near the entrance to the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Authors sculptors: VG Kozenyuk Monument in Volgograd on the Square of the Fallen Fighters. Monument in Volgograd on the Square of the Fallen Fighters. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Monument to Alexander Nevsky
Cinematographer Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Nikolai Cherkasov, director Sergei Eisenstein, 1938. Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Nikolai Cherkasov, directed by Sergei Eisenstein, 1938. Lord Veliky Novgorod, Nevsky Alexander Franckevich-Laye, director Alexei Saltykov, 1984. Lord Veliky Novgorod, Nevsky Alexander Franckevich-Laye, director Alexei Saltykov, 1984. Life of Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Anatoly Gorgul, director Georgy Kuznetsov, 1991. Life of Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Anatoly Gorgul, director Georgy Kuznetsov, 1991. Alexander. Battle of the Neva, Nevsky Anton Pampushny, director Igor Kalenov, Russia, 2008. Alexander. Battle of the Neva, Nevsky Anton Pampushny, director Igor Kalenov, Russia, 2008. Cinematography Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Nikolay Cherkasov, director Sergei Eisenstein, 1938. Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Nikolai Cherkasov, directed by Sergei Eisenstein, 1938. Lord Veliky Novgorod, Nevsky Alexander Franckevich-Laye, director Alexei Saltykov, 1984. Lord Veliky Novgorod, Nevsky Alexander Franckevich-Laye, director Alexei Saltykov, 1984. Life of Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Anatoly Gorgul, director Georgy Kuznetsov, 1991. Life of Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Anatoly Gorgul, director Georgy Kuznetsov, 1991. Alexander. Battle of the Neva, Nevsky Anton Pampushny, director Igor Kalenov, Russia, 2008. Alexander. Battle of the Neva, Nevsky Anton Pampushny, director Igor Kalenov, Russia, 2008.

“The observance of the Russian land, says the famous historian Sergei Solovyov, from trouble in the east, the famous feats for faith and land in the west brought Alexander a glorious memory in Russia and made him the most prominent historical figure in ancient history from Monomakh to the Donskoy.”

We got acquainted with the main facts of the biography of Alexander Nevsky and saw that his contribution to the development of our state in the period of feudal fragmentation is very great. In my opinion, based on all the material presented, Russia can proudly bear the name of Alexander Nevsky. 1. Year of birth of Alexander Yaroslavich? 1221 2. The battle after which Alexander got his nickname? Neva. 3. Date and place of the Battle on the Ice? city, Chudskoye lake. 4. What was the name of Alexander's eldest son? Basil. 5. Year of death of Alexander Yaroslavich? 1263 6. What did Metropolitan Kirill call Alexander after his death? "The Sun of the Russian Land"